Cow test results due today
Early findings could help determine whether disease spread beyond single Texas animal
10:37 PM CDT on Friday, July 8, 2005
By KAREN ROBINSON-JACOBS / The Dallas Morning News
Early test results should be available today to help determine whether the latest case of mad cow disease is more widespread than one Texas beef cow, the USDA said Friday.
The agency said 29 cattle from the same ranch as a 12-year-old beef cow found last month to be infected with the brain-wasting disease were culled from the herd Wednesday.
They were killed and samples of their brain tissue were sent to the USDA National Veterinary Services Lab in Ames, Iowa, said Jim Rogers, a spokesman for the agency's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
The agency chose to bypass the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in College Station – which initially processed the sample from the 12-year-old cow – in favor of going directly to Ames.
"If the tests come back inconclusive, we want to immediately run confirmatory tests," said Mr. Rogers. "We don't want to wait."
Mr. Rogers said the first set of samples is being processed with the so-called rapid screening test, which can produce results within 24 hours.
Dr. Lelve Gayle, who heads the Texas lab, said those tests for bovine spongiform encephalopathy come back either negative or "not negative," which is sometimes referred to as "inconclusive."
Normally, those tests are done at one of seven state screening labs around the country. Any sample that is not clearly negative is sent to the federal lab in Ames for further testing. Thus far, Texas has done rapid screening tests on more than 38,000 samples – the vast majority from rendering plants in Texas and New Mexico, Dr. Gayle said. That amounts to 9.5 percent of the nearly 400,000 samples tested nationwide.
Texas is by far the nation's leading cattle producer, with about 14 million head as of early January.
Dr. Gayle agreed with the agency's decision to conduct all of the testing in Ames.
"I personally think it makes getting the answer quicker," said Dr. Gayle. "It cuts out some of the time and shipping. It's pretty important that you cut out any areas where shipping could be a problem."
Any rapid screening tests for BSE that are inconclusive will be subjected to two more rigorous tests: the IHC and western blot. Both search for an abnormal prion protein in an animal's brain tissue.
If an animal tests inconclusive, it will be incinerated, Mr. Rogers said. Any that test negative will be sent to a landfill for disposal. The USDA pays the fair market value for the destroyed animals to the rancher involved, who has not been named.
The animals' bodies remain in Texas, he said.
Mr. Rogers said he was unable to give any additional details on the first 29 animals picked for scrutiny. In announcing June 24 that the cow had tested positive, the agency said it planned to look for herd mates born a year before or a year after that cow, and offspring born within the last two years.
The 29 animals were adults, not calves, but Mr. Rogers said he did not have information on their ages or genders.
The 12 year-old-cow was born before the U.S. enacted a ban on feeding cattle parts to other cattle. BSE is believed to be spread when cattle eat feed contaminated with parts from infected cows.
Humans who eat beef products contaminated with mad cow disease can contract a fatal illness, known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Mr. Rogers could not say how much of the herd of origin has been scrutinized so far or how long it might take to complete work on this herd.
"We're doing it as quickly as we can," he said.
He and others at the USDA acknowledged that the agency is putting fewer employees on this epidemiological probe than were brought to bear on the nation's first confirmed test, discovered in Washington state in December of 2003.
"At that time we didn't know what the prevalence [of BSE] was in this country," Mr. Rogers said. "So there were a lot more people involved. Now we know that the prevalence is low to statistically none."
"Every epidemiological investigation is going to be different," he said. "We can learn from previous incidents, but each case is different."
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