Subject: SEAC Draft minutes of the open session of the 92nd meeting held on 28th April 2006
Date: May 23, 2006 at 7:04 am PST
1
© SEAC 2006
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Draft minutes of the open session of the 92nd meeting held on 28th April
2006
Royal Horticultural Halls and Conference Centre
Greycoat Street
London
SW1P 2QD
Members: Professor C. Higgins (Chair)
Mr. J. Bassett
Professor D. Brown
Professor N. Hooper
Mr. P. Jinman (Deputy Chair)
Professor C. Lasmézas
Professor J. Manson
Professor G. Medley
Dr. P. Rudge
Professor A. Williams
Assessors: Dr. P. Christie (SE)
Dr. A. Douglas (DARDNI)
Dr. A. Gleadle (FSA)
Mrs. E. Lawrence (DH)
Dr. M. Simmons (NAW)
Technical Experts: Dr. P. Barrowman (Defra)
Dr. P. Bennett (DH)
Mr. P. Burke (Defra)
Professor N. Gill (HPA)
Dr. I. Hill (FSA)
Dr. D. Matthews (VLA)
Dr. J. Stephenson (DH)
SEAC Secretary: Miss K. Richards
Secretariat: Dr. T. Barlow
Dr. D. Cutts
Dr. N. Ebenezer
2
© SEAC 2006
Dr. P. Keep
Dr. C. Ravirajan
3
© SEAC 2006
ITEM 1 – CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION
1. The Chair welcomed everyone to the 92nd meeting of SEAC.
2. The Chair announced that Professor Alun Williams had joined
SEAC to replace Professor McConnell who left the committee last
year. Professor Williams is Head of Department of Veterinary
Pathology and Infectious Diseases at the Royal Veterinary College
and leads the European Union (EU) STOPPrions project. Mr Peter
Jinman has been reappointed to SEAC following an open
recruitment exercise and has also been reappointed Deputy Chair.
3. The SEAC Secretary explained that open meetings allow the public
an opportunity to observe the committee at work and provide an
insight into how an advisory committee provides independent
scientific advice to Government. Government officials responsible
for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) policy are
present and may be invited to contribute to discussions.
4. The committee will hold a reserved business session in the
afternoon to allow discussion of unpublished scientific data relating
to TSE infectivity in blood. This is in accordance with the SEAC
Code of Practice. Short summaries of the open and reserved
business discussions will be posted on the SEAC website next
week. A list of website addresses of recently published reports
relevant to TSEs has been tabled.
5. The next meeting will be held on Thursday 6th July 2006 at the
Royal Horticultural Halls and Conference Centre in Westminster,
London.
6. Apologies for absence have been received from Dr Jackie
Chambers, Ms Diane McCrea, Professors James Nicoll and
Margaret Stanley.
7. Members were reminded that they are obliged to declare any
commercial or other interests they may have at the start of the
relevant agenda items. They were also reminded of the obligation
to notify the Secretariat of any changes to the register of members’
interests as soon as they occur.
4
© SEAC 2006
ITEM 2 – APPROVAL OF MINUTES FROM SEAC 91 (SEAC 92/1)
AND MATTERS ARISING
8. The minutes were agreed as a correct record1.
ITEM 3 - CURRENT ISSUES
9. SEAC was informed about the following issues:
• Publication of a paper by Ironside et al.2 reporting the valine
homozygous genotype of two of the three appendix samples
found to be positive for the presence of abnormal prion protein
(PrPSc) by Hilton et al. (2004)3. The third appendix could not
be genotyped. The finding that both samples which could be
genotyped were valine homozygous has implications for the
predicted prevalence of vCJD infectivity in the UK population.
SEAC had considered these data at SEAC 84.
• Publication of a paper by Andreoletti et al.4 reporting that
PrPSc was found in the spleen of an ARR homozygous sheep
ten months after oral challenge with BSE. Dr Danny
Matthews (Veterinary Laboratories Agency [VLA]) noted that
the animals had been challenged with a very high dose of
BSE at less than a week old in this study.
• Following the agreement of the Chief Medical Officer, the
Department of Health (DH) had requested that the Health
Protection Agency (HPA) convene an expert group to
consider the SEAC recommendation5 for testing of post
mortem tissues to ascertain better the prevalence of vCJD
infection in the UK. Professor Noel Gill (HPA) explained that
the HPA is actively engaged in convening this group. SEAC
would be asked to comment on the remit and membership of
the group, probably by the end of May 2006. It was noted that
DH has agreed to continue funding the tissue collection phase
1 Note added after SEAC 92. In paragraph 9, third bullet point “A paper on the case is being
prepared by the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review.” was changed to “A paper on
the case is being prepared by the National Prion Clinic.” and in paragraph 25 “…sonicated
microsomal fractions. Biochemical assays and hamster bioassay.” was changed to
“…sonicated microsomal fractions by biochemical assays and hamster bioassay.”
2 Ironside et al. (2006) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: prion protein genotype analysis of
positive appendix tissue samples from a retrospective prevalence study. BMJ Online.
3 Hilton et al. Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples.
J Pathol. 2004 203, 733-739.
4 Andreoletti et al. (2006) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in spleen from an
ARR/ARR orally exposed sheep. J. Gen. Virol. 87, 1043-1046.
5 http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/state260106.htm
5
© SEAC 2006
of the HPA National Anonymous Tonsil Archive that is
collecting tonsils for vCJD infection prevalence estimation.
• Defra and FSA tabled plans for studies to address
recommendations made by the SEAC Sheep Subgroup for
research on atypical scrapie6. It was noted that material for
this research is in very short supply. Dr Peter Barrowman
(Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [Defra])
explained that Defra was looking to accumulate as much
material as possible from the few atypical scrapie cases
identified from TSE surveillance. Material would also be
generated from challenge studies. Defra, the Food Standards
Agency (FSA) and VLA are convening a group to consider
priorities for use of the available material. A member
suggested that whole heads could be collected at abattoir to
increase the amount of available material. Dr Matthews
explained that it was impracticable to collect whole heads.
However, should sheep inoculated with atypical scrapie
become diseased these animals would provide appreciable
amounts of material for research. Inoculations of sheep with
mouse atypical scrapie were under consideration as an
additional method to generate more material but this approach
may be inappropriate if phenotypic changes in strain occurred
from passage in mice.
• Unusual TSE test results obtained during routine surveillance
from two French and one Cypriot sheep. Dr Matthews
explained that the EU Expert Group on Strain Typing
concluded that ring trial results of these samples were
incompatible with the presence of experimental BSE in sheep.
However, the unusual nature of the samples warranted further
study so strain typing bioassays will be conducted. It is not
yet possible to predict when results will be available.
6 http://www.seac.gov.uk/pdf/positionstatement-sheep-subgroup.pdf
6
© SEAC 2006
• Preliminary results from bioassays of one UK sheep TSE case
identified in 2004 had given unusual results in biochemical
tests. Dr Matthews explained that initial western blot of these
samples was consistent with experimental BSE in sheep but
that ring trial tests did not support this diagnosis. Strain typing
bioassays had been conducted. One of the inocula had given
an incubation period for clinical disease of 100 days in tg338
mice, which is inconsistent with BSE. Results of brain
examinations were outstanding.
• The SEAC Chair had attended a recent FSA stakeholder
meeting in England and the SEAC Secretary attended
equivalent meetings in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
to present and discuss the SEAC Sheep Subgroup statement.
These workshops sought stakeholder views on options for
possible additional precautionary measures in relation to
atypical scrapie. The FSA Board would be returning to this
issue in June 2006. The SEAC Chair had also attended the
FSA Board meeting on 6th April 2006 when the Government’s
contingency policy for BSE in sheep was discussed.
• The study on transmission of BSE and vCJD in humanised
mice7, considered in reserved business at SEAC 90, had
been published. The minutes of the discussion have now
been placed on the SEAC website.
• Progress on recommendations made at SEAC 91 in relation
to disposal of manure, crops and livestock at VLA Drayton.
Mr Patrick Burke (Defra) explained that Defra would permit
material from unchallenged animals and animals inoculated
by the intracranial route to be composted and spread on
arable land. Dr Matthews indicated that material from orallychallenged
animals would continue to be composted and then
used for coppice by VLA. It was likely that material from
intracerebrally challenged animals would be treated in the
same way.
• The Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Incidents Panel had
been provided with the SEAC advice from SEAC 91 on the
assessment of potential risks from medical implants
containing bovine material.
7 Bishop et al. (2006) Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human
transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurology. On line.
7
© SEAC 2006
• Sir William Stewart has agreed to chair a vCJD Patient
Advisory Group being convened by DH to advise on the
appropriate counselling and care for individuals defined as ‘at
risk from vCJD for public health purposes’. Mrs Eileen
Lawrence (DH) explained that the SEAC Chair and the Chair
of CJD Incidents Panel had been invited to sit on this group.
Requests for nominations to sit on this group had been
submitted to relevant professional bodies and representatives
from the National Prion Clinic and National CJD Surveillance
Unit would be invited as special advisors. It was envisaged
that the group would convene during the summer.
ITEM 4 - AOB
10. There was no other business.
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/draft92.pdf
© 2006 Society for General Microbiology
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short Communication
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in spleen from an ARR/ARR orally exposed sheep
Olivier Andréoletti1, Nathalie Morel2, Caroline Lacroux1, Virginie Rouillon1, Céline Barc3, Guillaume Tabouret1, Pierre Sarradin3, Patricia Berthon3, Philippe Bernardet3, Jacinthe Mathey1, Séverine Lugan1, Pierrette Costes1, Fabien Corbière1, Juan-Carlos Espinosa4, Juan Maria Torres4, Jacques Grassi2, François Schelcher1 and Frédéric Lantier3
1 UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
2 CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
3 INRA, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, INRA Nouzilly, 37380 Nouzilly, France
4 CISA, Instituto National de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
Correspondence
Olivier Andréoletti
[email protected]
Oral contamination with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent in susceptible PRNP genotype sheep results in widespread distribution of prion in the host. Because ARR homozygous sheep are considered to be resistant to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, they have been selected to eradicate scrapie from sheep flocks and to protect the human food chain from small ruminant BSE risk. However, results presented here show that several months after an oral challenge with BSE agent, healthy ARR/ARR sheep can accumulate significant amounts of PrPSc in the spleen.
http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/4/1043
7 Bishop et al. (2006) Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human
transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurology. On line.
http://disc.server.com/discussion.cgi?disc=167318;article=2829;title=CJD%20WATCH
see increase of sporadic CJD over the years ;
http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk/sporadic.htm
USA
notice steady increase, but also notice in 2005, # 7 the 38 pendings cases through Oct. and #8 includes 53 type pending, 1 type unknown.
if you look at 2003 there were 3 type unknown.
wonder if they were the same or different than the unknown in 2005?
considering the soup that has been brewing over here in the USA for years via the rendering of BSE and atypical TSE in cattle, CWD, Scrapie, a few TME cases (not too much due to scent gland, but there were a few rendered, but all this, and you have one hell of a recipe for a new strains of TSE in humans. then who knows what 'friendly fire' cases would look like from this soup via secondary transmission via medical/surgical/dental arena. ...TSS
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center case exams...
http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html
Full Text
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Singeltary, Sr et al.
JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama
TSS
Date: May 23, 2006 at 7:04 am PST
1
© SEAC 2006
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Draft minutes of the open session of the 92nd meeting held on 28th April
2006
Royal Horticultural Halls and Conference Centre
Greycoat Street
London
SW1P 2QD
Members: Professor C. Higgins (Chair)
Mr. J. Bassett
Professor D. Brown
Professor N. Hooper
Mr. P. Jinman (Deputy Chair)
Professor C. Lasmézas
Professor J. Manson
Professor G. Medley
Dr. P. Rudge
Professor A. Williams
Assessors: Dr. P. Christie (SE)
Dr. A. Douglas (DARDNI)
Dr. A. Gleadle (FSA)
Mrs. E. Lawrence (DH)
Dr. M. Simmons (NAW)
Technical Experts: Dr. P. Barrowman (Defra)
Dr. P. Bennett (DH)
Mr. P. Burke (Defra)
Professor N. Gill (HPA)
Dr. I. Hill (FSA)
Dr. D. Matthews (VLA)
Dr. J. Stephenson (DH)
SEAC Secretary: Miss K. Richards
Secretariat: Dr. T. Barlow
Dr. D. Cutts
Dr. N. Ebenezer
2
© SEAC 2006
Dr. P. Keep
Dr. C. Ravirajan
3
© SEAC 2006
ITEM 1 – CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION
1. The Chair welcomed everyone to the 92nd meeting of SEAC.
2. The Chair announced that Professor Alun Williams had joined
SEAC to replace Professor McConnell who left the committee last
year. Professor Williams is Head of Department of Veterinary
Pathology and Infectious Diseases at the Royal Veterinary College
and leads the European Union (EU) STOPPrions project. Mr Peter
Jinman has been reappointed to SEAC following an open
recruitment exercise and has also been reappointed Deputy Chair.
3. The SEAC Secretary explained that open meetings allow the public
an opportunity to observe the committee at work and provide an
insight into how an advisory committee provides independent
scientific advice to Government. Government officials responsible
for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) policy are
present and may be invited to contribute to discussions.
4. The committee will hold a reserved business session in the
afternoon to allow discussion of unpublished scientific data relating
to TSE infectivity in blood. This is in accordance with the SEAC
Code of Practice. Short summaries of the open and reserved
business discussions will be posted on the SEAC website next
week. A list of website addresses of recently published reports
relevant to TSEs has been tabled.
5. The next meeting will be held on Thursday 6th July 2006 at the
Royal Horticultural Halls and Conference Centre in Westminster,
London.
6. Apologies for absence have been received from Dr Jackie
Chambers, Ms Diane McCrea, Professors James Nicoll and
Margaret Stanley.
7. Members were reminded that they are obliged to declare any
commercial or other interests they may have at the start of the
relevant agenda items. They were also reminded of the obligation
to notify the Secretariat of any changes to the register of members’
interests as soon as they occur.
4
© SEAC 2006
ITEM 2 – APPROVAL OF MINUTES FROM SEAC 91 (SEAC 92/1)
AND MATTERS ARISING
8. The minutes were agreed as a correct record1.
ITEM 3 - CURRENT ISSUES
9. SEAC was informed about the following issues:
• Publication of a paper by Ironside et al.2 reporting the valine
homozygous genotype of two of the three appendix samples
found to be positive for the presence of abnormal prion protein
(PrPSc) by Hilton et al. (2004)3. The third appendix could not
be genotyped. The finding that both samples which could be
genotyped were valine homozygous has implications for the
predicted prevalence of vCJD infectivity in the UK population.
SEAC had considered these data at SEAC 84.
• Publication of a paper by Andreoletti et al.4 reporting that
PrPSc was found in the spleen of an ARR homozygous sheep
ten months after oral challenge with BSE. Dr Danny
Matthews (Veterinary Laboratories Agency [VLA]) noted that
the animals had been challenged with a very high dose of
BSE at less than a week old in this study.
• Following the agreement of the Chief Medical Officer, the
Department of Health (DH) had requested that the Health
Protection Agency (HPA) convene an expert group to
consider the SEAC recommendation5 for testing of post
mortem tissues to ascertain better the prevalence of vCJD
infection in the UK. Professor Noel Gill (HPA) explained that
the HPA is actively engaged in convening this group. SEAC
would be asked to comment on the remit and membership of
the group, probably by the end of May 2006. It was noted that
DH has agreed to continue funding the tissue collection phase
1 Note added after SEAC 92. In paragraph 9, third bullet point “A paper on the case is being
prepared by the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review.” was changed to “A paper on
the case is being prepared by the National Prion Clinic.” and in paragraph 25 “…sonicated
microsomal fractions. Biochemical assays and hamster bioassay.” was changed to
“…sonicated microsomal fractions by biochemical assays and hamster bioassay.”
2 Ironside et al. (2006) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: prion protein genotype analysis of
positive appendix tissue samples from a retrospective prevalence study. BMJ Online.
3 Hilton et al. Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples.
J Pathol. 2004 203, 733-739.
4 Andreoletti et al. (2006) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in spleen from an
ARR/ARR orally exposed sheep. J. Gen. Virol. 87, 1043-1046.
5 http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/state260106.htm
5
© SEAC 2006
of the HPA National Anonymous Tonsil Archive that is
collecting tonsils for vCJD infection prevalence estimation.
• Defra and FSA tabled plans for studies to address
recommendations made by the SEAC Sheep Subgroup for
research on atypical scrapie6. It was noted that material for
this research is in very short supply. Dr Peter Barrowman
(Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [Defra])
explained that Defra was looking to accumulate as much
material as possible from the few atypical scrapie cases
identified from TSE surveillance. Material would also be
generated from challenge studies. Defra, the Food Standards
Agency (FSA) and VLA are convening a group to consider
priorities for use of the available material. A member
suggested that whole heads could be collected at abattoir to
increase the amount of available material. Dr Matthews
explained that it was impracticable to collect whole heads.
However, should sheep inoculated with atypical scrapie
become diseased these animals would provide appreciable
amounts of material for research. Inoculations of sheep with
mouse atypical scrapie were under consideration as an
additional method to generate more material but this approach
may be inappropriate if phenotypic changes in strain occurred
from passage in mice.
• Unusual TSE test results obtained during routine surveillance
from two French and one Cypriot sheep. Dr Matthews
explained that the EU Expert Group on Strain Typing
concluded that ring trial results of these samples were
incompatible with the presence of experimental BSE in sheep.
However, the unusual nature of the samples warranted further
study so strain typing bioassays will be conducted. It is not
yet possible to predict when results will be available.
6 http://www.seac.gov.uk/pdf/positionstatement-sheep-subgroup.pdf
6
© SEAC 2006
• Preliminary results from bioassays of one UK sheep TSE case
identified in 2004 had given unusual results in biochemical
tests. Dr Matthews explained that initial western blot of these
samples was consistent with experimental BSE in sheep but
that ring trial tests did not support this diagnosis. Strain typing
bioassays had been conducted. One of the inocula had given
an incubation period for clinical disease of 100 days in tg338
mice, which is inconsistent with BSE. Results of brain
examinations were outstanding.
• The SEAC Chair had attended a recent FSA stakeholder
meeting in England and the SEAC Secretary attended
equivalent meetings in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
to present and discuss the SEAC Sheep Subgroup statement.
These workshops sought stakeholder views on options for
possible additional precautionary measures in relation to
atypical scrapie. The FSA Board would be returning to this
issue in June 2006. The SEAC Chair had also attended the
FSA Board meeting on 6th April 2006 when the Government’s
contingency policy for BSE in sheep was discussed.
• The study on transmission of BSE and vCJD in humanised
mice7, considered in reserved business at SEAC 90, had
been published. The minutes of the discussion have now
been placed on the SEAC website.
• Progress on recommendations made at SEAC 91 in relation
to disposal of manure, crops and livestock at VLA Drayton.
Mr Patrick Burke (Defra) explained that Defra would permit
material from unchallenged animals and animals inoculated
by the intracranial route to be composted and spread on
arable land. Dr Matthews indicated that material from orallychallenged
animals would continue to be composted and then
used for coppice by VLA. It was likely that material from
intracerebrally challenged animals would be treated in the
same way.
• The Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Incidents Panel had
been provided with the SEAC advice from SEAC 91 on the
assessment of potential risks from medical implants
containing bovine material.
7 Bishop et al. (2006) Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human
transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurology. On line.
7
© SEAC 2006
• Sir William Stewart has agreed to chair a vCJD Patient
Advisory Group being convened by DH to advise on the
appropriate counselling and care for individuals defined as ‘at
risk from vCJD for public health purposes’. Mrs Eileen
Lawrence (DH) explained that the SEAC Chair and the Chair
of CJD Incidents Panel had been invited to sit on this group.
Requests for nominations to sit on this group had been
submitted to relevant professional bodies and representatives
from the National Prion Clinic and National CJD Surveillance
Unit would be invited as special advisors. It was envisaged
that the group would convene during the summer.
ITEM 4 - AOB
10. There was no other business.
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/draft92.pdf
© 2006 Society for General Microbiology
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short Communication
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in spleen from an ARR/ARR orally exposed sheep
Olivier Andréoletti1, Nathalie Morel2, Caroline Lacroux1, Virginie Rouillon1, Céline Barc3, Guillaume Tabouret1, Pierre Sarradin3, Patricia Berthon3, Philippe Bernardet3, Jacinthe Mathey1, Séverine Lugan1, Pierrette Costes1, Fabien Corbière1, Juan-Carlos Espinosa4, Juan Maria Torres4, Jacques Grassi2, François Schelcher1 and Frédéric Lantier3
1 UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte-Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
2 CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
3 INRA, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, INRA Nouzilly, 37380 Nouzilly, France
4 CISA, Instituto National de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
Correspondence
Olivier Andréoletti
[email protected]
Oral contamination with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent in susceptible PRNP genotype sheep results in widespread distribution of prion in the host. Because ARR homozygous sheep are considered to be resistant to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, they have been selected to eradicate scrapie from sheep flocks and to protect the human food chain from small ruminant BSE risk. However, results presented here show that several months after an oral challenge with BSE agent, healthy ARR/ARR sheep can accumulate significant amounts of PrPSc in the spleen.
http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/4/1043
7 Bishop et al. (2006) Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human
transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurology. On line.
http://disc.server.com/discussion.cgi?disc=167318;article=2829;title=CJD%20WATCH
see increase of sporadic CJD over the years ;
http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk/sporadic.htm
USA
notice steady increase, but also notice in 2005, # 7 the 38 pendings cases through Oct. and #8 includes 53 type pending, 1 type unknown.
if you look at 2003 there were 3 type unknown.
wonder if they were the same or different than the unknown in 2005?
considering the soup that has been brewing over here in the USA for years via the rendering of BSE and atypical TSE in cattle, CWD, Scrapie, a few TME cases (not too much due to scent gland, but there were a few rendered, but all this, and you have one hell of a recipe for a new strains of TSE in humans. then who knows what 'friendly fire' cases would look like from this soup via secondary transmission via medical/surgical/dental arena. ...TSS
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center case exams...
http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html
Full Text
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Singeltary, Sr et al.
JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama
TSS