Here, the guys castrate at branding time when calves are about six wks old. Strictly with a knife, and there is minimal bleeding. Think they use a disinfectant rinse, and there seems to be minimal effect on the calves. Steers act no differently after they are back with the cows than the hiefers do. They are restrained by a rope on the heels and the head in a Nordfork. Cows are waiting outside the branding corral, which is on native grass, so little dust or anything else to contaminate the altered calf. They stay in same pasture as before branding, and immediately when a calf is released, the cow takes it away, as there is room for them to spread out good. Calves appear to be fully recovered within a day or two after their vac., brand, castrate, and dehorning in rare cases. They are tagged, dated, ID'd at birth in the pasture. Think we have castrated soon after calving in the past, but doesn't work out as well as at branding. We trade work with neighbors and have good help for each job at branding. No chutes needed.
mrj
mrj