U.S. cattle producers may recall Dec. 23, 2003, as the day that rocked their beef world.
A dairy cow infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy was discovered in Washington state; the animal's origin was traced to Canada.
It was during a profitable year in the cattle industry and a record year for beef exports. But the export market went sour in a hurry.
Japan bought $1.4 billion in U.S. beef products during 2003 and nothing since, said Todd Domer, vice president of communications for the Kansas Livestock Association.
Total U.S. beef exports amounted to $3.86 billion in 2003, and 88 percent of that value was shipped to Japan, Mexico, South Korea and Canada. A portion of the Mexico and Canada markets have returned, he said.
The U.S. cattle industry remains profitable, thanks to Americans eating more beef.
"Domestic demand was strong," Domer said.
Beef prices would have been higher, he said, but the Japanese boycott offset some of the domestic shortages of beef that were driving up prices.
Demand for beef continues to climb. In 2004, it was 7.7 percent above 2003. Increases from 1998 through 2004 added $22 per 100 pounds to the price of fed cattle, he said, quoting CattleFax, an industry market analysis service.
Trendy low-carbohydrate diets have changed nutritional perceptions about beef, Domer said, and the industry has developed new products to make beef more convenient.
Cattle producers enjoyed good profits in 2004, said Mike Samples, manager of the Farmers & Ranchers Livestock Commission, 1500 W. Highway 40. Farmers & Ranchers sells approximately 200,000 cattle a year and is among the largest cattle auctions in Kansas, second only to Pratt Livestock.
"For the first time ever in the history of the cattle business, all facets of the industry have enjoyed some profits," he said.
Domestic cow numbers are still down and beef consumption, Samples said: "We should maintain good times in the cattle business."
The only variables are Canada and Japan.
Since 2003, the United States has opened the Canadian border and is accepting beef from cattle under 30 months of age. The risk of BSE is higher in older cattle, Domer said. It rarely is found in younger animals.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has proposed opening the Canadian border to live cattle this month. Neither beef from cattle slaughtered when they were older than 30 months nor cattle older than that will be accepted from Canada, Domer said.
To win back Japan as a U.S. beef customer, he said, "You name it, we've done it."
The USDA sent technical and scientific teams to Japan, and the Kansas Livestock Association, Kansas Beef Council and National Cattlemen's Beef Association played host to Japanese delegations in the United States.
The goal was to "show them the protocols that are in place to prevent BSE," Domer said. "The one thing you have to remember is Japan made some pretty major mistakes from a regulatory nature."
After the first BSE case surfaced in Japan in the fall of 2001, that government was slow in banning the inclusion of protein from ruminant animals -- meat and bone meal -- in cattle feed. That's been banned in the United States since 1997, Domer said.
Cattle can catch BSE from eating feed including protein from infected animals.
Looking ahead, cattle ranchers should remember what they learned in 4-H and FFA when they were youngsters. Record-keeping, especially documenting the age of cattle, is becoming more important, said Carl Garten, director of Central Kansas Extension District, Salina.
"I've had a lot of cattlemen call me about proving calving dates," he said. "The future of the industry is going to depend on the identification of livestock, confirmation of birth and age."
Samples isn't opposed to an identification system but said "country of origin" labeling should come first.
"The American consumer has the right to know, when they buy a package of meat, where it came from," he said.
A bill mandating country of origin has continually stalled in Congress, Samples said, in part because the National Cattlemen's Beef Association is opposed to it.
"The problem is that packers don't want it. They can blend imported meat in with our meat," Samples said. "The NCBA and other livestock groups seem to be in that corner."
MAD COW DISEASE
BSE, or mad cow disease, is a neurological disease in cattle. Humans who eat beef from infected cattle rarely get the potentially deadly variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Domer said.
No cases of Americans being infected have been reported, he said, other than one in the United States that originated in the United Kingdom, where BSE has been around since 1986. The United Kingdom has had 151 cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, usually fatal disease of the brain, characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control. It occurs most often in middle age and is caused by a slow virus, according to a dictionary
A dairy cow infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy was discovered in Washington state; the animal's origin was traced to Canada.
It was during a profitable year in the cattle industry and a record year for beef exports. But the export market went sour in a hurry.
Japan bought $1.4 billion in U.S. beef products during 2003 and nothing since, said Todd Domer, vice president of communications for the Kansas Livestock Association.
Total U.S. beef exports amounted to $3.86 billion in 2003, and 88 percent of that value was shipped to Japan, Mexico, South Korea and Canada. A portion of the Mexico and Canada markets have returned, he said.
The U.S. cattle industry remains profitable, thanks to Americans eating more beef.
"Domestic demand was strong," Domer said.
Beef prices would have been higher, he said, but the Japanese boycott offset some of the domestic shortages of beef that were driving up prices.
Demand for beef continues to climb. In 2004, it was 7.7 percent above 2003. Increases from 1998 through 2004 added $22 per 100 pounds to the price of fed cattle, he said, quoting CattleFax, an industry market analysis service.
Trendy low-carbohydrate diets have changed nutritional perceptions about beef, Domer said, and the industry has developed new products to make beef more convenient.
Cattle producers enjoyed good profits in 2004, said Mike Samples, manager of the Farmers & Ranchers Livestock Commission, 1500 W. Highway 40. Farmers & Ranchers sells approximately 200,000 cattle a year and is among the largest cattle auctions in Kansas, second only to Pratt Livestock.
"For the first time ever in the history of the cattle business, all facets of the industry have enjoyed some profits," he said.
Domestic cow numbers are still down and beef consumption, Samples said: "We should maintain good times in the cattle business."
The only variables are Canada and Japan.
Since 2003, the United States has opened the Canadian border and is accepting beef from cattle under 30 months of age. The risk of BSE is higher in older cattle, Domer said. It rarely is found in younger animals.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has proposed opening the Canadian border to live cattle this month. Neither beef from cattle slaughtered when they were older than 30 months nor cattle older than that will be accepted from Canada, Domer said.
To win back Japan as a U.S. beef customer, he said, "You name it, we've done it."
The USDA sent technical and scientific teams to Japan, and the Kansas Livestock Association, Kansas Beef Council and National Cattlemen's Beef Association played host to Japanese delegations in the United States.
The goal was to "show them the protocols that are in place to prevent BSE," Domer said. "The one thing you have to remember is Japan made some pretty major mistakes from a regulatory nature."
After the first BSE case surfaced in Japan in the fall of 2001, that government was slow in banning the inclusion of protein from ruminant animals -- meat and bone meal -- in cattle feed. That's been banned in the United States since 1997, Domer said.
Cattle can catch BSE from eating feed including protein from infected animals.
Looking ahead, cattle ranchers should remember what they learned in 4-H and FFA when they were youngsters. Record-keeping, especially documenting the age of cattle, is becoming more important, said Carl Garten, director of Central Kansas Extension District, Salina.
"I've had a lot of cattlemen call me about proving calving dates," he said. "The future of the industry is going to depend on the identification of livestock, confirmation of birth and age."
Samples isn't opposed to an identification system but said "country of origin" labeling should come first.
"The American consumer has the right to know, when they buy a package of meat, where it came from," he said.
A bill mandating country of origin has continually stalled in Congress, Samples said, in part because the National Cattlemen's Beef Association is opposed to it.
"The problem is that packers don't want it. They can blend imported meat in with our meat," Samples said. "The NCBA and other livestock groups seem to be in that corner."
MAD COW DISEASE
BSE, or mad cow disease, is a neurological disease in cattle. Humans who eat beef from infected cattle rarely get the potentially deadly variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Domer said.
No cases of Americans being infected have been reported, he said, other than one in the United States that originated in the United Kingdom, where BSE has been around since 1986. The United Kingdom has had 151 cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, usually fatal disease of the brain, characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control. It occurs most often in middle age and is caused by a slow virus, according to a dictionary
