wwnt to a program a couple put on about gaurd dogs they saw in Turkey, Spain and a few other countries, the collars were mostly made by the village blacksmith. with simple one of nails pushed up thru leather and then the leather, the the leather rolled or another strip rivited oner the nail heads. there was double spikes on a strip of metal with both ends turned up the mittle was rivited to the leather collar. some were really simple others kind of fancy.