Case Western Reserve University is also the home of the United States National Prion Surveillance Center. It is also the laboratory where we had our Urine Test confirmed. Mike is all too well aware of the studies being done and writes well on them. As for metal causitives that enhance the probability of prion mutation > Purdey only put forward a hypothesis that has never been proven. It does have merit, but again, it has never been tested to any degree that indicates that it is the causitive trigger. Some people have indicated that his studies may well be based on facts but they are only unproven ideas that do however - before you give me a broadside - warrant further investigation, as would any offering to find causes. Some scientists around the world are doing just that. Personally, I feel that the lack of or overabundance of copper or other base metals has no bearing on the disease or the mutation process of the prion, but I keep an open mind to that question. Further to some of the other comments regarding the SRM removal. I am, and am on record for stating that the removal of SRM's is basically a smoke screen designed, as some suggest, to provide a comfort level to the consumer. The removal of SRM's does nothing to prevent the disease - period. It does however, remove PrPsc from the animal and its product, but it doesn't remove all PrPsc, and that my friends, it the kicker. The buying public needed to be told something to quell their fears and that is the statement that they got, along with the other classic - the 30 month barrier!! God help us when politicians got involved. To state that any animal cannot be infected with BSE if that animal is under the age of 30 months is an absolute dyed in the wool pile of crap!!! The 30 month line in the sand was designed to display an age prior to which the clinical symptoms were NOT LIKELY TO APPEAR due to the lengthy incubation period. Have fun, I am here in the shadows reading from time-to-time.