The Merck manual is failing me to night. I might have todig out my hard cover version instead of this on line one. :???:
Found it.
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinobacillosis, caused by gram-negative coccobacilli in the genus Actinobacillus , may present in several different forms, depending on the specific agent and the host. Soft- tissue infections are common, and lymph node involvement is frequently a step in systemic spread; adjacent bony tissue may also be affected.
A pleuropneumoniae ( Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae , H parahaemolyticus ) causes contagious pleuropneumonia in pigs ( Pleuropneumonia). Disease ranges from acute, severe pleuropneumonia to subacute or chronic infection with pleuritis and pulmonary abscessation. Immune complexes formed as a result of host response may damage endothelial cells, resulting in vasculitis and thrombosis, with edema, necrosis, infarction, and hemorrhage. Infection is usually restricted to pigs <5 mo of age. A pleuropneumoniae may be normal mucosal flora in pigs, cattle, and sheep. Vaccines are available, and treatment usually involves use of penicillins, tetracycline, erythromycin, spectinomycin, or cephalosporins.
Actinobacillus equuli
The natural host of A equuli is the horse; infections are seen in both foals and adult horses. Two subspecies, equuli and haemolyticus, have been described recently. Disease in foals may manifest as diarrhea, followed by meningitis, pneumonia, purulent nephritis, or septic polyarthritis (sleepy foal disease or joint-ill). Infection may be acquired through a contaminated umbilicus, or by inhalation or ingestion. The incidence of foal infection is reduced with greater attention to sanitation in the birthing environment and when maternal antibodies in colostrum have the desired antibacterial effect. Abortions, septicemia, nephritis, and endocarditis may result from A equuli infection in adult horses. Infection may be treated with chloramphenicol, gentamicin, sulfonamides, ampicillin, or third-generation cephalosporins, depending on the nature of the infection and the ability to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection.
A arthritidis is a newly described species, previously classified as Bisgaard taxon 9, which has been isolated from horses with arthritis and septicemia.
Actinobacillosis, cow
A lignieresii causes tumorous abscesses of the tongue, usually referred to as wooden tongue. It is seen primarily in cattle but also in sheep, horses, pigs, and dogs. It is a rare cause of disease in chickens. The organism may also cause pyogranulomatous lesions in soft tissues associated with the head, neck, limbs, and occasionally the lungs, pleura, udder, and subcutaneous tissue. The organism is part of the normal mucosal flora of the upper GI tract and causes disease when it gains access to adjacent soft tissue via penetrating wounds. It causes localized infections and can spread via the lymphatics to other tissues. Pus from the abscesses may contain microcolonies surrounded by clublike spicules of calcium phosphate, giving the appearance of sulfur granules <1 mm diameter. This form of actinobacillosis is found worldwide, but is sporadic and thus difficult to prevent. Surgical debridement may be useful in treatment; potassium iodide can be administered PO (although not to food-producing animals), and systemic antibacterial agents, such as tetracycline, erythromycin, or tilmicosin, may be effective.
A suis is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity of pigs. It causes septicemia in young pigs and arthritis, pneumonia, and pericarditis in older pigs. It may also cause septicemia, arthritis, pneumonia, and purulent nephritis in neonatal and postnatal foals. Disease follows a break in the integrity of the oral mucosa or may be associated with immunosuppression. The organism is typically susceptible to tetracycline, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins.
A actinomycetemcomitans is a common agent of human periodontal disease, and a rare cause of human endocarditis and ram epididymitis. It is found naturally on mucous membranes. A capsulatus is occasionally associated with septic arthritis in rabbits. " A seminis " has been associated with epididymitis in rams and with purulent polyarthritis in lambs.
Actinobacillus (Pasteurella) ureae has caused upper respiratory tract infections in humans and abortions in pigs.
A actinoides has been associated with suppurative pneumonia in calves and seminal vesiculitis in bulls, but is not a valid species.
