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Kobe Beef Produces Marbling and Intermuscular fat

PORKER

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Kobe beef producer adds Kurobuta pork to line

Patricia R. McCoy
Capital Press Staff Writer

BOISE – Most American livestock producers concentrate on growing and marketing animals as fast as possible.

Jay Theiler wants the beef and pork he sells to be well-aged.

His products are Kobe beef and Kurobuta pork, marketed under the Snake River Farms brand by a newly formed umbrella company, AB Foods.

That company combines Snake River Farms and Washington Beef, both started by Agri Beef, Boise, said Jay Theiler, executive director of marketing for AB Foods.

"Kobe beef comes from both genetics and management. We cross Japanese Wagyu cattle with Black Angus, and feed the offspring three to four times longer than conventional cattle. That develops the Kobe beef producer adds Kurobuta pork to line

Patricia R. McCoy
Capital Press Staff Writer

BOISE – Most American livestock producers concentrate on growing and marketing animals as fast as possible.

Jay Theiler wants the beef and pork he sells to be well-aged.

His products are Kobe beef and Kurobuta pork, marketed under the Snake River Farms brand by a newly formed umbrella company, AB Foods.

That company combines Snake River Farms and Washington Beef, both started by Agri Beef, Boise, said Jay Theiler, executive director of marketing for AB Foods.

"Kobe beef comes from both genetics and management. We cross Japanese Wagyu cattle with Black Angus, and feed the offspring three to four times longer than conventional cattle. That develops the marbling and intermuscular fat that becomes a premium product," Theiler said.

American Kobe draws a premium price, but is cheaper than its Japanese counterpart. In Japan, Wagyu cattle are traditionally raised on a diet of beer and barley, and receive regular massages. In the AB Foods program, no special diet is involved. The Wagyu-Black Angus crossbreeds are fed the same roughage any other U.S. cattle eat. The difference is the longer feeding period, he said.

"Feeding for such a long period gets expensive, but we get a premium price for a premium product. The early years were difficult. It took us at least five years to figure out the right program and begin to turn a profit," Theiler said.

AB Foods supplies the genetics for their cattle to contract growers, then buys the cattle back. About 50 producers are involved, Theiler said. The animals are fed out in American Falls, Idaho. The pigs are being raised in the Midwest with about 70 family farms under contract.

"The Kobe beef project began after Robert Rebholtz, Agri Beef's chief executive officer, tasted it while visiting Japan in the late 1980s, he said.

"He thought there might be an opportunity to raise Kobe beef in the United States. We started out with several Japanese partners, and exported everything to Japan. As the herd and our supply grew, we began to look for domestic markets," Theiler said. "That let our business continue to grow despite the bovine spongiform encephalitis crisis that closed the Japanese market in December 2003."

No U.S. Kobe beef is being exported to Japan today, and likely never will be again, he said. The guidelines for cattle imported to the island nation require all animals to be no more than 20 months old. The extended feeding program required to produce Kobe beef makes meeting that standard impossible.

"It's evolved into a political issue rather than a food safety question. To us, shutting down an entire market because of three sick animals seems a little extreme," Theiler said. "By the same token, I spend a lot of time in Japan. They're good customers, and very honorable people. We have a good relationship with our contacts there.

"Other Asiatic nations went to a 30-month standard. We can meet that. As a consequence, we still sell product to other Pacific Rim countries. We're also exporting our beef to Canada and Mexico. We still sell domestically, and we recently sent some to Bangladesh," he said.

The Kurobuta pork project began after a group of Midwestern farmers approached AB Foods, he said. Kurobuta means black pig in Japanese. The breed involved is Berkshire. Again, a long-term feeding program is required for a premium product, he said.

"They had the expertise to produce the pork. They saw how we developed our U.S. Kobe beef market, and came to us for our marketing expertise. We're helping them make a living and stay in business," he said.

AB Foods Kurobuta pork is exported to Japan and other Asian markets, he said. The domestic market is still being developed, currently mainly with chefs at high-end restaurants.

- Friday, March 17, 2006

Pat McCoy is based in Boise. Her e-mail address is [email protected]. product," Theiler said.

American Kobe draws a premium price, but is cheaper than its Japanese counterpart. In Japan, Wagyu cattle are traditionally raised on a diet of beer and barley, and receive regular massages. In the AB Foods program, no special diet is involved. The Wagyu-Black Angus crossbreeds are fed the same roughage any other U.S. cattle eat. The difference is the longer feeding period, he said.

"Feeding for such a long period gets expensive, but we get a premium price for a premium product. The early years were difficult. It took us at least five years to figure out the right program and begin to turn a profit," Theiler said.

AB Foods supplies the genetics for their cattle to contract growers, then buys the cattle back. About 50 producers are involved, Theiler said. The animals are fed out in American Falls, Idaho. The pigs are being raised in the Midwest with about 70 family farms under contract.

"The Kobe beef project began after Robert Rebholtz, Agri Beef's chief executive officer, tasted it while visiting Japan in the late 1980s, he said.

"He thought there might be an opportunity to raise Kobe beef in the United States. We started out with several Japanese partners, and exported everything to Japan. As the herd and our supply grew, we began to look for domestic markets," Theiler said. "That let our business continue to grow despite the bovine spongiform encephalitis crisis that closed the Japanese market in December 2003."

No U.S. Kobe beef is being exported to Japan today, and likely never will be again, he said. The guidelines for cattle imported to the island nation require all animals to be no more than 20 months old. The extended feeding program required to produce Kobe beef makes meeting that standard impossible.

"It's evolved into a political issue rather than a food safety question. To us, shutting down an entire market because of three sick animals seems a little extreme," Theiler said. "By the same token, I spend a lot of time in Japan. They're good customers, and very honorable people. We have a good relationship with our contacts there.

"Other Asiatic nations went to a 30-month standard. We can meet that. As a consequence, we still sell product to other Pacific Rim countries. We're also exporting our beef to Canada and Mexico. We still sell domestically, and we recently sent some to Bangladesh," he said.

The Kurobuta pork project began after a group of Midwestern farmers approached AB Foods, he said. Kurobuta means black pig in Japanese. The breed involved is Berkshire. Again, a long-term feeding program is required for a premium product, he said.

"They had the expertise to produce the pork. They saw how we developed our U.S. Kobe beef market, and came to us for our marketing expertise. We're helping them make a living and stay in business," he said.

AB Foods Kurobuta pork is exported to Japan and other Asian markets, he said. The domestic market is still being developed, currently mainly with chefs at high-end restaurants.

- Friday, March 17, 2006

Pat McCoy is based in Boise. Her e-mail address is [email protected].
 
Truth is Kobe beef comes from slow growing animals. In a side by side ultrasound evaluation Angus at 1 year far out marbled Wagyu cattle.

In the long term, 3 years in some cases to get Wagyu to an acceoptable slaughter weight, Kobe beef will have more marbling. Raw it looks like straight fat.
 
Yes Wagyu grow slow. The trick is to crossbreed them:


Ultrasound Leads to 'Best Carcasses in World'

MANHATTAN, Kan. — The search for superior beef may have found a solution.

John Brethour, K-State Research and Extension animal scientist, may have discovered a way to produce carcasses of consistent superior quality. Brethour tests ultrasound application in tracking marbling at the K-State Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center in Hays.

"I wanted to apply ultrasound to calculate how many days it will take an animal to go to the next grade," Brethour said. "We are attempting to determine objectively how many days to feed the animal in order to receive the highest price."

Brethour has dedicated nearly 12 years to studying ultrasound. The early experiments attempted to establish equations for measuring backfat in live animals. Once he established different backfat equations for different breeds, he wanted to see if marbling works the same way.

"We have studied ultrasound over the years to tract the development of marbling, since marbling is supposedly the best indication of eating ability," Brethour said. "I wanted to see if the equations for native cattle would hold true for Wagyu cattle or if marbling would differ."



Jim Scott, owner of PrimeLine Genetics, asked Brethour for assistance with his own quest for high quality beef. Scott experimented with Wagyu crosses but needed a better way to select the harvest date.

"We needed to look inside at the carcass while the animals were still alive," Scott said. "K-State and John Brethour gave us the best offer."

In their experiment, Brethour and Scott bred 135 commercial Charolais heifers to six Wagyu purebred bulls from OBBCO Ranch in DeLeon, Texas. From that group, 25 steers were randomly selected to be included in the study, performed at the Agricultural Research Center—Hays.

The results? The cattle graded more than 90 percent prime, in comparison to the national slaughter mix average of less than two percent prime. In addition, the men took six cattle to the 1999 National Western Stock Show (NWSS) for the carcass contest, where they won first place with an unprecedented 100-percent, prime-graded group.

"One judge said this was 'the best set of carcasses I've ever seen in my life,'" Brethour said. "We broke history in Denver with an average quality grade of Prime plus."


Wagyu cattle have been used in the United States before, but they have been bred to cattle known for high marbling. Scott said they thought to bred them to Charolais because Wagyu cattle "have the marbling but needed the growth and efficiency provided by Charolais."

Producers can expect similar results with Wagyu-Charolais crosses, Scott said. In addition to carcass quality, Wagyu cattle also are known for their calving ease due to small-boned, lighter calves. The disadvantage of the breed reverts back to the 60-pound average birth weight.

"When you start with an animal that small, you don't have as good a growth pattern pre-weaning," Scott said. "However, as you go through post-weaning, hybrid vigor kicks in and you end up with animals just as large."

The hybrid vigor in Wagyu crosses is higher due to the new genetics from the Japanese-based breed.

"Wagyu cattle are not related to anything in America, which results in a huge heterosis effect," Scott said.

Will this cross affect the beef industry? Scott says no, not until producers can focus on the end product instead of the cattle's appearance.

"Wagyu cattle are ugly. They are fine-boned, small ended and ugly," Scott said. "Breeds of cattle are still being judged with the eyeball, even though we have EPD's and are using data. Not many cattle producers know what the end product should look like, yet." While Wagyu cattle are not widely accepted by the beef industry, the use of ultrasound to determine the harvest date is increasing in popularity in the industry. Brethour is attempting to polish the technology for practical application.

"Our interest in ultrasound is for upstream commercial operations," Brethour said. "Today we are working with different ultrasound machines to resolve the variation among the machines."

Brethour continues to discover new applications for ultrasound.

"We are currently studying the accuracy of evaluating calves at weaning to predict their potential grade. It's interesting how accurate we can be by evaluating the calves," he said. "We also plan to ultrasound cows to predict the genetic potential of calves she will raise."
Linda Albers
Communications Specialist
K-State Research and Extension John Brethour
Agricultural Research Center-Hays
785-625-3425 Ext. 215
 
Ask Kenran farms of Japan if they made any money crossbreeding Wagyu with North American cattle.

290-390 pounds at 205 days and 3 years in the feedlot to reach 16-1700 pounds. At a cost of $2 a day for feed and yardage their cost of gain was about $1.62 a pound.
 
Mike said:
Yes Wagyu grow slow. The trick is to crossbreed them:


Ultrasound Leads to 'Best Carcasses in World'

MANHATTAN, Kan. — The search for superior beef may have found a solution.

John Brethour, K-State Research and Extension animal scientist, may have discovered a way to produce carcasses of consistent superior quality. Brethour tests ultrasound application in tracking marbling at the K-State Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center in Hays.

"I wanted to apply ultrasound to calculate how many days it will take an animal to go to the next grade," Brethour said. "We are attempting to determine objectively how many days to feed the animal in order to receive the highest price."

Brethour has dedicated nearly 12 years to studying ultrasound. The early experiments attempted to establish equations for measuring backfat in live animals. Once he established different backfat equations for different breeds, he wanted to see if marbling works the same way.

"We have studied ultrasound over the years to tract the development of marbling, since marbling is supposedly the best indication of eating ability," Brethour said. "I wanted to see if the equations for native cattle would hold true for Wagyu cattle or if marbling would differ."



Jim Scott, owner of PrimeLine Genetics, asked Brethour for assistance with his own quest for high quality beef. Scott experimented with Wagyu crosses but needed a better way to select the harvest date.

"We needed to look inside at the carcass while the animals were still alive," Scott said. "K-State and John Brethour gave us the best offer."

In their experiment, Brethour and Scott bred 135 commercial Charolais heifers to six Wagyu purebred bulls from OBBCO Ranch in DeLeon, Texas. From that group, 25 steers were randomly selected to be included in the study, performed at the Agricultural Research Center—Hays.

The results? The cattle graded more than 90 percent prime, in comparison to the national slaughter mix average of less than two percent prime. In addition, the men took six cattle to the 1999 National Western Stock Show (NWSS) for the carcass contest, where they won first place with an unprecedented 100-percent, prime-graded group.

"One judge said this was 'the best set of carcasses I've ever seen in my life,'" Brethour said. "We broke history in Denver with an average quality grade of Prime plus."


Wagyu cattle have been used in the United States before, but they have been bred to cattle known for high marbling. Scott said they thought to bred them to Charolais because Wagyu cattle "have the marbling but needed the growth and efficiency provided by Charolais."

Producers can expect similar results with Wagyu-Charolais crosses, Scott said. In addition to carcass quality, Wagyu cattle also are known for their calving ease due to small-boned, lighter calves. The disadvantage of the breed reverts back to the 60-pound average birth weight.

"When you start with an animal that small, you don't have as good a growth pattern pre-weaning," Scott said. "However, as you go through post-weaning, hybrid vigor kicks in and you end up with animals just as large."

The hybrid vigor in Wagyu crosses is higher due to the new genetics from the Japanese-based breed.

"Wagyu cattle are not related to anything in America, which results in a huge heterosis effect," Scott said.

Will this cross affect the beef industry? Scott says no, not until producers can focus on the end product instead of the cattle's appearance.

"Wagyu cattle are ugly. They are fine-boned, small ended and ugly," Scott said. "Breeds of cattle are still being judged with the eyeball, even though we have EPD's and are using data. Not many cattle producers know what the end product should look like, yet." While Wagyu cattle are not widely accepted by the beef industry, the use of ultrasound to determine the harvest date is increasing in popularity in the industry. Brethour is attempting to polish the technology for practical application.

"Our interest in ultrasound is for upstream commercial operations," Brethour said. "Today we are working with different ultrasound machines to resolve the variation among the machines."

Brethour continues to discover new applications for ultrasound.

"We are currently studying the accuracy of evaluating calves at weaning to predict their potential grade. It's interesting how accurate we can be by evaluating the calves," he said. "We also plan to ultrasound cows to predict the genetic potential of calves she will raise."
Linda Albers
Communications Specialist
K-State Research and Extension John Brethour

Agricultural Research Center-Hays
785-625-3425 Ext. 215

Good article. John is one of the really bright people involved in research to better the beef industry. He is a pioneer in ultrasound technology and its use.
 

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