More Canadian BSE

[Anonymous]

Mad-Cow Crops Up in Canadian Dairy Herd, 15th Case (Update1)

By Whitney McFerron

Nov. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Canada confirmed the 15th case of mad-cow disease discovered in the country since May 2003, this time in a dairy cow from British Columbia.

No part of the seven-year-old cow got into systems that produce food for consumption by either people or animals, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency said today in a statement. The agency has identified where the animal was born and is looking for the source of its disease, the statement said.

``The age and location of the infected animal are consistent with previous cases detected in Canada,'' the agency said. Regulators are also tracking down other animals in the cow's herd when it was born, the agency said. Testing for the disease began in 1992 in Canada, and was broadened in 2003, according to the Canadian regulator's Web site.

In 1997, Canada and the U.S. banned the use of cattle feed containing ground-up cow tissue, which scientists say is the way most animals contract the brain-wasting infection. As in other recent cases in Canada, the sick cow was born after the ban.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, otherwise known as BSE or mad-cow disease, has been linked to more than 150 human deaths worldwide. Eating meat from BSE-infected animals has been linked to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, an incurable human illness that destroys brain tissue.

Last year, the U.S. eased most restrictions on Canadian beef and cattle after determining the animals pose ``minimal risk'' for mad-cow disease. The new case ``should not affect exports of Canadian cattle or beef,'' Canada's food agency said.

The U.S. has had three confirmed cases of mad-cow disease since December 2003, including one in an animal born in Canada.

Cattle futures for February delivery fell 1.65 cents, or 1.8 percent, to 89.025 cents a pound on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange today. Futures have dropped 4 percent this month.

To contact the reporter on this story: Whitney McFerron in Chicago at [email protected].

Last Updated: November 17, 2008 15:42 EST

 

[gcreekrch]

Too bad you guys aren't testing the percentage we are, you'd have something of your own to talk about.

Good ol' CFIA, catching just enough to hinder the market rather than test them all. :roll:

 

[Silver]

Too bad you guys aren't testing the percentage we are, you'd have something of your own to talk about.

Good ol' CFIA, catching just enough to hinder the market rather than test them all. :roll:

Test 'em all or test none I say. I would prefer to test them all until we know what we have. But I was told at a cattlemens meeting by the beaurocrat in charge at the time that "we don't want to set the bar too high for the Americans". :?

 

[gcreekrch]

We wouldn't want to ruin the market for downer burgers now would we?....... or the old favorite....spasmodic steak!

 

[burnt]

Quote: "The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."

Oh well, your undetected cases among your downers provided years of cheap meat for your school lunch programs . . . oh wait, you may actually have finally acted on that this year . . .2600 hd. of your BSE ridden cattle fed to American (children) consumers as of 2006, yup your system is really superior . . .

 

[Shaft]

Now children, the more you keep pointing your fingers at each other and using words like "BSE-ridden", the more our good friends like Flounder and Pilgrim's Pride giggle their faces off.

Repeat after me: "tempest in a tea-pot". Bloody expensive tempest in a tea-pot I'll grant you, but finger-pointing and fear-mongering from both sides of the border only serve to drive consumers to chicken and pork, not to mention mutton.

Is this all part of some diabolical plot of those who have already converted to raising chickens/pigs/sheep?

 

[gcreekrch]

Now children, the more you keep pointing your fingers at each other and using words like "BSE-ridden", the more our good friends like Flounder and Pilgrim's Pride giggle their faces off.

Repeat after me: "tempest in a tea-pot". Bloody expensive tempest in a tea-pot I'll grant you, but finger-pointing and fear-mongering from both sides of the border only serve to drive consumers to chicken and pork, not to mention mutton.

Is this all part of some diabolical plot of those who have already converted to raising chickens/pigs/sheep?

It would be really interesting to know for sure who/what is keeping this going. It sure as he!! isn't science.

 

[Kathy]

gcreekrch, if you have any idea where this animal from BC was raised please let me know in a private message. I am trying to find the "environmental" connection to these BC cases, (etc)... and am looking to also see if there is any uranium exploration in the region where the cows have been found. The mining co. tend to leave their core samples on the surface for the cattle to lick, and the dust to breath in. Even if you know, but don't want to tell me, let people in BC know about the dangers of this activity.

I can send information to you about how uranium was found to be the ideal nucleating metal for prion crystals (discovered by Prusiner himself).

 

[burnt]

Now children, the more you keep pointing your fingers at each other and using words like "BSE-ridden", the more our good friends like Flounder and Pilgrim's Pride giggle their faces off.

Repeat after me: "tempest in a tea-pot". Bloody expensive tempest in a tea-pot I'll grant you, but finger-pointing and fear-mongering from both sides of the border only serve to drive consumers to chicken and pork, not to mention mutton.

Is this all part of some diabolical plot of those who have already converted to raising chickens/pigs/sheep?

Shaft, ole buddy! Yup!!! how'dya guess? :lol2: :lol2: :lol2:

Reality is that every time that our fine, open-minded and very balanced friend (and MODERATOR), oldtimer, keeps poking us in the eye, he will trigger this response. If he persists, we will eventually release this story to your own mainstream American media who will then get their jollies from watching the whole North American beef industry collapse into a black hole. This was a study released by an American scientist, not just a whimsical wannabe!!! :lol: :lol: :lol: So, every time oldtimer does this, we can only assume that he wants to destroy the beef industry. I promise you, he can succeed.

I might add that the words "BSE ridden" were oldtimer's choice as well. So since we have been shown that the American consumer has in great probability eaten 2600 head of cattle infected by BSE (figures released over 1 year ago), the term "BSE ridden" has even greater applicability in the U.S than here!

 

[gcreekrch]

Kathy, I can only surmise the location of where this cow was found. The two main areas for dairy farming in B C are the North Okanagan and the Fraser Valley. I am not aware of any mining activities in the close proximity to either of them.

 

[hillsdown]

gcreekrch, if you have any idea where this animal from BC was raised please let me know in a private message. I am trying to find the "environmental" connection to these BC cases, (etc)... and am looking to also see if there is any uranium exploration in the region where the cows have been found. The mining co. tend to leave their core samples on the surface for the cattle to lick, and the dust to breath in. Even if you know, but don't want to tell me, let people in BC know about the dangers of this activity.

I can send information to you about how uranium was found to be the ideal nucleating metal for prion crystals (discovered by Prusiner himself).

Please send that to me Kathy.

 

[Sandhusker]

What would of prevented that animal from entering the food supply had she been slaughtered last year?

 

[mrj]

What do you all plan to do for entertainment if BSE turns out to be caused by some form of spontaneous mutation, as some believe it will?

mrj

 

[burnt]

What would of prevented that animal from entering the food supply had she been slaughtered last year?

She wasn't slaughtered last year, was she!


Uummm, while we are asking this question, what prevents all of your undetected cases from entering the food chain and their BSE-ridden SRMs from being fed back to your cattle via CHICKENSHIT

Why don't you start there?

Oh, wait a minute, if you don't look, you don't find. If you don't find, you don't know. If you don't know, you don't care, right?

:roll:

 

[Sandhusker]

What would of prevented that animal from entering the food supply had she been slaughtered last year?

She wasn't slaughtered last year, was she!


Uummm, while we are asking this question, what prevents all of your undetected cases from entering the food chain and their BSE-ridden SRMs from being fed back to your cattle via CHICKENSHIT

Why don't you start there?

Oh, wait a minute, if you don't look, you don't find. If you don't find, you don't know. If you don't know, you don't care, right?

:roll:

I asked a simple yet unanswered question....

 

[Kato]

If she was a downer, or sick, that would have prevented it.

Can you say the same thing? :roll: :roll:

 

[flounder]

What do you all plan to do for entertainment if BSE turns out to be caused by some form of spontaneous mutation, as some believe it will?

mrj

the question would be, what would the industry do? it would be their worst nightmare that any spontaneous BSE/TSE existed. then you would have to test all the time, year after year, after year. if the industry cared about consumers at all in relations to BSE/TSE, this is what would have to be done if the spontaneous myth was ever proven. but this is why Creekstone is not allowed to test. you test, you find. ...TSS



International Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN 1449-1907 www.medsci.org 2008 5(6):347-353 © Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved

Review

Prion propagation in vitro: are we there yet?

Chongsuk Ryou .. and Charles E. Mays Sanders Brown Center on Aging and Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, U.S.A. .. Correspondence to: Dr. Chongsuk Ryou, 800 Rose St. HSRB-326, Lexington, KY 40536. Phone: (859) 257 4016; Fax: (859) 257 8382; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 2008.11.03; Accepted: 2008.11.10; Published: 2008.11.11

Prion diseases are caused by proteinaceous pathogens termed prions. Although the details of the mechanism of prion propagation are not fully understood, conformational conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) to misfolded, disease-associated scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) is considered the essential biochemical event for prion replication. Currently, studying prion replication in vitro is difficult due to the lack of a system which fully recapitulates the in vivo phenomenon. Over the last 15 years, a number of in vitro systems supporting PrPC conversion, PrPSc amplification, or amyloid fibril formation have been established. In this review, we describe the evolving methodology of in vitro prion propagation assays and discuss their ability in reflecting prion propagation in vivo.


snip...


Conclusion Several different in vitro systems have been devised and tested for successful conversion of PrPC or amplification of PrPSc. Using these methods, many previously unknown but fundamental aspects of prion propagation have been studied. However, we are still far away from the complete understading of the mechanistic details of the process despite the efforts reviewed in this article. On the basis of the protein-only hypothesis, prion propagation is believed to faciliated by a biochemical event known as a conformational conversion of PrPC to PrPSc. The ultimate goal of the in vitro systems is to re-create the condition that faithfully recapitulates prion propagation in vivo. In an ideal condition, a test tube containing both PrP isoforms only should be sufficient to reconstitute the replication process. However, the current form of in vitro reconsititution is not the bona fide system respresenting the in vivo phenomenon. One of the major obstacles is involved in unintended inclusion of cellular factors other than PrP isoforms. Furthermore, our limited knowledge on cofactor molecules makes it more difficult to conceive insight into what has occurred in prion propation in vitro. Despite the limitation in the current form of in vitro conversion assays, simplicity of the systems over cell-based and animal systems has been advantageous. Utilization of these tools will slowly unwind the complicated molecular characteristics of prions such as the species barrier and strain properties. They will also be useful in validating the necessary environment for conversion and estimating the transmissibility of disease. By manipulating the systems, the application can be extended to a sensitive diagnosis of prions and a high-throughput screening of potent anti-prion reagents.


http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2583336&blobtype=pdf


Perspectives
BIOMEDICINE:
A Fresh Look at BSE
Bruce Chesebro*

Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), is the cattle form of a family of progressive brain diseases. These diseases include scrapie in sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk. They are also known as either "prion diseases" because of the association of a misfolded cellular prion protein in pathogenesis or "transmissible spongiform encephalopathies" (TSEs) because of the spongelike nature of the damaged brain tissue (1).

The recent discovery of two BSE-infected cows, one in Canada and one in the United States, has dramatically increased concern in North America among meat producers and consumers alike over the extent to which BSE poses a threat to humans as well as to domestic and wild animals. The European BSE epidemic of the late-1980s seems to have been initiated a decade earlier in the United Kingdom by changes in the production of meat and bone meal (MBM) from rendered livestock, which led to contamination of MBM with the BSE infectious agent. Furthermore, the fact that UK farmers fed this rendered MBM to younger animals and that this MBM was distributed to many countries may have contributed to the ensuing BSE epidemic in the United Kingdom and internationally (2).

Despite extensive knowledge about the spread of BSE through contaminated MBM, the source of BSE in Europe remains an unsolved mystery (2). It has been proposed that BSE could be derived from a cross-species infection, perhaps through contamination of MBM by scrapie-infected sheep tissues (see the figure). Alternatively, BSE may have been an endemic disease in cattle that went unnoticed because of its low level of horizontal transmission. Lastly, BSE might have originated by "spontaneous" misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein into the disease-associated abnormal isoform (3), which is postulated to be the infectious agent or "prion."



Five possible sources of BSE in North American cattle. Sheep, deer, and elk could spread prion diseases (TSEs) to cattle through direct animal contact or contamination of pastures. Endemic BSE has not been proven to exist anywhere in the world, but it is difficult to exclude this possibility because of the inefficient spread of BSE infectivity between individual animals (2). BSE caused by spontaneous misfolding of the prion protein has not been proven.
CREDIT: KATHARINE SUTLIFF/SCIENCE



snip...



Nevertheless, the idea that BSE might originate due to the spontaneous misfolding of prion proteins has received renewed interest in the wake of reports suggesting the occurrence of atypical BSE (9-11). These results imply that new strains of cattle BSE might have originated separately from the main UK outbreak. Where and how might such strains have originated? Although such rare events cannot be studied directly, any number of sources of the original BSE strain could also explain the discovery of additional BSE strains in cattle (see the figure). However, it would be worrisome if spontaneous BSE were really a valid etiology because such a mechanism would be impossible to prevent--unlike other possible scenarios that could be controlled by large-scale eradication of TSE-positive animals.

Another way to look at this problem is to examine evidence for possible spontaneous TSE disease in other animals besides cattle. Spontaneous BSE would be extremely difficult to detect in cattle, where horizontal spread is minimal. However, in the case of the sheep TSE disease, scrapie, which spreads from ewes to lambs at birth as well as between adults, spontaneous disease should be detectable as new foci of clinical infection. In the early 1950s scrapie was eradicated in both Australia and New Zealand, and the mainland of both these countries has remained scrapie-free ever since. This scrapie-free status is not the result of selection of sheep resistant to scrapie because sheep from New Zealand are as susceptible as their UK counterparts to experimental scrapie infection (12). These experiments of man and nature appear to indicate that spontaneous clinical scrapie does not occur in sheep. Similarly, because CWD is known to spread horizontally, the lack of CWD in the deer or elk of eastern North America but its presence in western regions would also argue against a spontaneous disease mechanism. This is particularly noteworthy in New Zealand, where there are large numbers of deer and elk farms and yet no evidence of spontaneous CWD. If spontaneous scrapie does not occur in sheep or deer, this would suggest that spontaneous forms of BSE and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are unlikely to be found in cattle or humans. The main caveat to this notion is that spontaneous disease may arise in some animal species but not others. In humans, sCJD--which is considered by some researchers to begin by spontaneous misfolding of the prion protein--usually takes more than 50 years to appear. Thus, in animals with a shorter life-span, such as sheep, deer, and cattle, an analogous disease mechanism might not have time to develop.

What can we conclude so far about BSE in North America? Is the BSE detected in two North American cows sporadic or spontaneous or both? "Sporadic" pertains to the rarity of disease occurrence. "Spontaneous" pertains to a possible mechanism of origin of the disease. These are not equivalent terms. The rarity of BSE in North America qualifies it as a sporadic disease, but this low incidence does not provide information about cause. For the two reported North American BSE cases, exposure to contaminated MBM remains the most likely culprit. However, other mechanisms are still possible, including cross-infection by sheep with scrapie or cervids with CWD, horizontal transmission from cattle with endemic BSE, and spontaneous disease in individual cattle. Based on our understanding of other TSEs, the spontaneous mechanism is probably the least likely. Thus, "idiopathic" BSE--that is, BSE of unknown etiology--might be a better term to describe the origin of this malady. ...



snip...full text ;



http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;305/5692/1918




Release No. 0106.04




Contact: Office of Communications (202) 720-4623



Transcript of Remarks From Technical Briefing on BSE and Related Issues With Agriculture Secretary Ann M. Veneman and USDA Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. Ron DeHaven Washington D.C. - March 15, 2004




snip...



OPERATOR : "Yes. Our next one is coming from Elizabeth Weiss. Please state your company."

ELIZABETH WEISS: "This is Elizabeth Weiss with USA Today."

"I actually had two questions. First off, when you say you're looking for 1 in 10,000 cases, is USDA doing any work to find out the possibility of whether or not BSE exists in a spontaneous form in the way that it does in humans and elk populations?

"And secondly, how will any of this fit into some of the consternation that's been raised in California and with the Midwest packer that wanted to test all of its cattle?

"Thanks."

DR. DEHAVEN: "All right. I think we've got three different questions in there, and I'll try to touch on each one of them.

"First of all, let me correct just a technical issue, and that is you mentioned 1 in 10,000. And actually our surveillance system currently is designed, the one that we have in place now is designed to detect 1 positive in 1 million cattle, and I gave some numbers between 200,000 and 268,000 that would allow us to detect 1 in 10 million as opposed to 1 in 10,000.

"So we would, if we were able to collect in the ballpark of those numbers of samples then we with increasing numbers of samples have an increasingly statistically valid sample from which to determine, one, whether or not the disease exists and, if so, at what prevalence level.

"So our real emphasis is to test as many of those animals as we can, ensure that we get an appropriate geographical distribution, but not setting a specific number as far as a target. Again, consistent with the recommendation from the International Review Team, their recommendation was to test all of them.

"So that's consistent with where we're going is to test as many as we possibly can.

"As far as spontaneous cases, that is a very difficult issue. There is no evidence to prove that spontaneous BSE occurs in cattle; but here again it's an issue of proving a negative. We do know that CJD, the human version of the disease, does occur spontaneously in humans at the rate of about 1 in 1 million. We don't have enough data to definitively say that spontaneous cases of BSE in cattle occur or do not occur.

"Again, it's a very difficult situation to prove a negative.

"So a lot of research is ongoing. Certainly if we do come up with any positive samples in the course of this surveillance we will be looking at that question in evaluating those samples but no scientifically hard evidence to confirm or refute whether or not spontaneous cases of BSE occur.



snip...



http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2004/03/0106.html


UK TESTING FINISHED NEXT WEEK

Matthews confirmed that the brain tissue samples from the US animal had arrived at Weybridge. Test results were likely to be ready by the end of next week, he said.

The suspect animal has already undergone a series of tests. A rapid screening test on Nov. 15 returned inconclusive results. Sophisticated immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests cleared the animal of any infection, but a third round of testing using a Western blot procedure showed a "weak positive".

Weybridge will do an IHC test plus three kinds of Western Blot tests on the samples. They will use "methods of slightly different analytical sensitivity that give us the greatest number of opportunities to interpret what we see," he said.

US beef industry leaders say scientists should not speculate about the unusual case.

"There's no evidence that it's atypical ... and there's absolutely no evidence that it's spontaneous," said Gary Weber, head of regulatory affairs at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

Matthews noted scientists are still grappling with what is typical and atypical BSE.

"Far too few people have looked at BSE in depth using all of the tests to be able to define 'this is normal and that one isn't'," he said.

Weber noted Japan used the term to describe two very young infected cattle because BSE is usually found in older animals. Italy labeled a case "atypical" because the misshaped prions were found in unexpected parts of the animal's brain. ...snip...end



http://www.agobservatory.org/headlines.cfm?refID=73207





Atypical BSE strain -- In July 2007, the UK Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) suggested that atypical BSE may be a distinct strain of prion disease. Unlike typical BSE, cases of atypical BSE, according to SEAC, may have risen spontaneously (although transmission through feed or the environment cannot be ruled out). Recently reported French surveillance data support this theory that unlike typical BSE, atypical BSE appears to represent sporadic disease



http://cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/bse/



http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/pdf/hillreport.pdf



Spontaneous occurrence
14. Spontaneous cases of classical CJD in humans are found at a rate of about
1/million around the world (Will, 1993), without appreciable racial or geographical
variation except in a few specific cases, notably Jews of Libyan origin that have a
mutation in the open reading frame of the PRNP gene (Chapman and Korczyn, 1991).
Thus it is theoretically possible that spontaneous cases of BSE could occur as a
consequence of a germ line mutation, in which case relatives would also have a
certain or increased incidence of the disease, or a somatic mutation, which would be
unlikely to be detectable unless the appropriate tissue were identified, or after some
transformation in the PrP protein in the animal concerned. BSE was unknown prior to
its detection in Britain in the mid 1980s, and Index cases found around the world
since then can all be explained in terms of export from the UK directly or indirectly of
cattle or of feed components. No BSE affected animals have been reported in many
developed countries with large cattle populations, including Australia, New Zealand,
Norway and Sweden, which have mixed cattle populations; and the only infected
animal detected in the US was of Canadian origin. The disease seems to have a highly
homogeneous aetiology (e.g. Bruce, 2003).
15. Data from the USA, where the dairy population in particular is highly related to
that in GB provide an upper limit to the spontaneous rate. A programme of testing is
in place of a target population of adult cattle exhibiting some clinical sign that might
be consistent with BSE (animals reported as having CNS or clinical signs of BSE or
were non-ambulatory). In the intensive programme from June 2004 over 375000
animals were tested in the following 12 months. No positive results have yet been
obtained in these or previous tests (USDA BSE Testing). This implies a putative
upper limit of under 10 per million in this target group. Assuming, as analysis has
shown, the relative risk in this group is about 30 times higher than in the population as
a whole (European Commission, 2002c), then the incidence in the population as a
whole is under 3 per 10 million. This figure could possibly be biased downwards if
affected animals are diagnosed and disposed of without being tested. Taking account
of testing done and the lack of clinical cases seen in many other countries also, it
seems highly unlikely that the spontaneous rate can be as much as 3 per 10 million
head. Nor can spontaneous occurrence explain incidences of ca. 30 cases of BARBs
per year in 2002/4 in the UK adult cattle population of ca. 4 million. [NOTE ADDED
30 JUNE: The recent confirmation of a previously inconclusive case in the USA
affects these calculations. If the animal did not have access to infected feed, the
calculations have to be revised: they suggest a sporadic incidence in the population of
1/(375000 x 30) or almost 1 per 10 million, with the upper limit under 5 per 10
million.]
16. Calculation of a maximum rate of possible transformation from scrapie to BSE is
less feasible. Nevertheless, BSE appears not to have arisen in the UK until around the
early 1980s, despite the presence of scrapie in sheep here for at least 200 years.
Although a change in the scrapie prion may have been the cause of the initial cases of
BSE, the difference between their properties in mice and the uniformity of the BSE
brain lesions suggest it is unlikely that more than one such mutation was the source of
BSE. It is most unlikely that the same mutation could be occurring often enough to
contribute significantly to BARBs cases. Furthermore BARBs cases do not match the
geographical distribution of the sheep population.
The evidence from the absence of BSE in many countries and the surveillance
schemes abroad indicates that most BARBs cases cannot have arisen
spontaneously, although the possibility cannot be excluded that a very

http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/pdf/hillreport.pdf


242 Atypical and classical BSE are different strains based upon Western blot profiles
243 (Hill, 2004; Normile, 2004; Baron et al., 2006), and this study indicates that disease
Page 11 of 23 Journal of Animal Science
Downloaded from jas.fass.org by on November 12, 2008.
12
progresses via different routes for these strains. The disparate 244 routes of pathogenesis in
245 atypical BSE can occur by 1 of 2 means. One possibility is that the source of infectivity
246 in atypical BSE is exposure to contaminated feedstuffs, as is the case for classical BSE,
247 but progression occurs in a disparate manner that bypasses the influence of the indel
248 polymorphisms. The other possibility is that atypical BSE is occurring spontaneously in
249 the host. Support for atypical BSE occurring spontaneously are the parallels to sporadic
250 TSE in humans, specifically, occurrence in older hosts and a comparable low incidence
251 rate (Baron and Biacabe, 2006). Furthermore, atypical BSE occurs as isolated, sporadic
252 cases in contrast to the clustering of cases observed for feed borne classical BSE
253 (Donnelly et al., 1997). Interestingly, the only native born cases of BSE in the United
254 States identified to date have been classified as atypical BSE.

255 No experiment can conclusively confirm a spontaneous nature for atypical BSE.

snip...end

http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2007-0208v1.pdf


2:00 Sporadic CJD and Atypical BSE: Two Children of One Protein
Maurizio Pocchiari, Ph.D., Director of Research, Virology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
The identification of forms of TSE diseases in cattle caused by prion strains different from BSE has raised new concerns on the possibility that these novel agents might induce disease in humans with a phenotype resembling sporadic CJD. The analysis of the distribution of the different molecular subtypes of sporadic CJD might give some answers.



http://www.healthtech.com/Conferences_Overview.aspx?c=518&id=59662&c=518


Sunday, November 16, 2008
Resistance of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Prions to Inactivation

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/resistance-of-bovine-spongiform.html



USA PRION UNIT BLOG

http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/


Sunday, April 20, 2008 Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008

Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.

see full text ;

http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html


CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)

http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/


USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???

http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/


The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.

http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html



TSS


Tuesday, November 11, 2008
Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein
DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080941


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.html


Tuesday, November 11, 2008
SaBTO Summary of 1st Public Meeting - variant CJD and blood Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm

http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/sabto-summary-of-1st-public-meeting.html


Friday, August 29, 2008

CREEKSTONE VS USDA COURT OF APPEALS, BUSH SAYS, NO WAY, NO HOW



http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.html



TSS

 

[Sandhusker]

If she was a downer, or sick, that would have prevented it.

Can you say the same thing? :roll: :roll:

Obviously she wasn't a downer a year ago. What would of kept her beef out of the food chain?

 

[burnt]

If she was a downer, or sick, that would have prevented it.

Can you say the same thing? :roll: :roll:

Obviously she wasn't a downer a year ago. What would of kept her beef out of the food chain?

While we are asking hypothetical questions, here are one or two for you Sandhusker - how many positives have entered your food chain since the count was 2600 almost two years ago?

And question #2 - what is the rate of BSE amplification from feeding SRMs back to your herd through various means? (You may not want to consider the implications of that . . .)

And you have the audacity to question our system which could be considered gold standard compared to what the U.S.A. has done in testing and setting prevention protocol? Keep taking those cheap shots, desperado. It shows how weak your position is.

 

[Sandhusker]

My question remains unanswered. If you don't know, just say so.