It is apparent that some Member Countries are applying trade bans when an exporting country reports the presence of BSE, without consulting the recommendations in the Code or conducting a risk analysis in accordance with its OIE and WTO olbigations. While the Code provides increasingly restrictive recommendations which are commensurate with the level of BSE risk in each of the country status categories it does not recommend any other ban than the above mentioned on trade of animals or specific animal products. Regarding the BSE situation in the EU and more recently in Japan, Canada and the US, the existence of valid up to date standards did not prevent major trade disruptions due to a failure by many countries to apply the international standard when estblishing or revising their import policies. This has been particularly evident in the case of commodities for which the Code recommends that no restrictions be applied, regardless of the BSE status of the exporting country. Except for short trade suspensions during investigation period following a new epidemiological event, it is of particular concern to the OIE that many countries apply trade bans when the exporting country reports its first case of BSE, without having conducted a risk analysis as described in the Code. Such situations penalize countries with good and transparent surveillance system for animal disease and zoonoses, and which demonstrate their ability to control the risks identified,