hello kathy,
kathy writes;
>>> I see you have been called in as reinforcement. <<<
just surfed in by accident. nobody called my in from anywhere.
i knew i would be wasting my time here. it took years for the deer hunters to finally come around, i dont think there is enough time in my life to get all the farmers and ranchers to come around. i have ignored my family too long. i simply will put the data here, some will read the science and learn, the others will ignore it as in the past, because they are not brave enough to accept the truth and try and do anything about it. but i had to at least put the studies here for the ones that did want the truth and accept the change, i had do do that. give you something to think about;-) much BSe was being posted here. i have debated OPs theory before with UK BSE farmer. they do not even believe it;
1) None of our animals that contracted BSE were treated with OP's, even
in utero.
2) My kids were treated with OP's as infants to control head lice. This
seems to be endemic as infection waves in UK primary schools (and
possibly elsewhere).
3) One might argue if the continued use of british beef in the UK was
ethical, none the less it happened. We have a duty to learn from it, not
least a duty to learn on behalf of those people who died so horribly....
Kathy,
I have agreed before that OPs might increase the susceptibility to the prion agent by altering the levels of accessible PrP i.e. Whatley et al;
1: Neuroreport. 1998 May 11;9(7):1391-5.
Phosmet induces up-regulation of surface levels of the cellular prion protein.
Gordon I, Abdulla EM, Campbell IC, Whatley SA.
Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Chronic (2 day) exposure of human neuroblastoma cells to the organophosphate pesticide phosmet induced a marked concentration-dependent increase in the levels of PrP present on the cell surface as assessed by biotin labelling and immunoprecipitation. Levels of both phospholipase C (PIPLC)-releasable and non-releasable forms of PrP were increased on the plasma membrane. These increases appear to be due to post-transcriptional mechanisms, since PrP mRNA levels as assessed by Northern blotting were unaffected by phosmet treatment. These data raise the possibility that phosmet exposure could increase the susceptibility to the prion agent by altering the levels of accessible PrP.
BUT, this is a far cry from believing in the OP theory. again, amplification and transmission, transmission studies do not lie.
we have floundered to long. the 8/4/97 ruminant to ruminant partial and voluntary feed ban was and still is a joke.
same as with the surveillance of BSE/TSE in the USA. these are both fact.
>>>Well, I would take more time to read your thoughts at "vegsource.com" if it weren't for the fact that your site downloads all types of nasty adware, etc. <<<
i agree. i have complained about that before, but not my site. one of many i simply document TSE data on for the public.
>>>> this article, though I have not seen it yet, is appearing to link the spread of TSE to tetanus innoculation. Although the UK science does not admit an epidemiological link to vaccination, the possibility of one (fear of one) will aid in the advancement of these nonanimal protein products. Isn't that what you want, master of vegsource.com. <<<<
LIKE so many others that cannot prove the OP theory, or disprove the TSE transmission studies, you try to find something that would bring people to tarnish my credibility by bringing up vegsource URL for where i post my research of this nightmare. this happens everytime. but the facts and science generally prevail in the end. takes time for the science to digest. dont blame me, i am only the messenger. fact is, i was and am very thankful to jeff et al there for letting me post my research of the different transmission studies. they gave me a place to document these studies when your federal gov and these journals would not let the normal lay person have access to them. for that i am very grateful to them. the only problem to your approach kathy is that i am still a meat eater. however my consumption is not near the consumption it was. my goal was to simply make it better. give the public _all_ the facts. the OPs and this new/old theory of the human mbm in the lancet last week are about as possible as martians planting the agent here, compared to the scrapie amplification and transmission via mbm via ruminant feed and factory farm practices. the tranmission studies speak for themselves. the USA and N. America are very unique. the many different TSEs in many different species that have been rendered for decades. time will tell here, once only science is left to deal with it.
about the vaccines route you mention, only one of many. i am very much aware of the iatrogenic CJD from the surgical and medical arena, and i have always said this goes far far beyond the mad cow hamburger. dont let the vegsource urls scare you too bad, look at the source of the data. i am not making this stuff up here.
another disturbing likely route and source, the nutritional supplements industry and SRMs to humans here. the cosmetics another potential source of human TSEs.
no, you don't want to hear it, i don't want to hear it, but these are the facts. take um or leave um. ...
From: TSS <mailto:
[email protected]> (216-119-163-253.ipset45.wt.net)
Subject: MAD COW DISEASE, SMALLPOX VACCINE (Dried Calf Lymph Type) and TSEs
Date: December 15, 2002 at 9:52 am PST
Subject: MAD COW DISEASE, SMALLPOX VACCINE (Dried Calf Lymph Type)
and TSEs
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2002 11:37:55 -0600
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
To:
[email protected]
######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########
Greetings,
with the threat of terrorism and the recent news of the SMALLPOX
vaccine being distributed, and the fact we may all be faced with
the real possibility of having to make a decision whether or not
to take this vaccine, i got to thinking of what the ingredients
in the smallpox vaccine might be. never could really get a clear
picture of what the actual ingredient might be from start of process
to end product. with more and more _bad_ news of other tissues having
the potential to carry enough infectivity to be lethal, i thought
it would be nice to know what we are really getting ourselves into.
i found a little about smallpox vaccine and posted below. i am not sure
if any of this is still in use, but i would be most curious to know;
what the ingredients of the smallpox vaccine the USA is going to be
distributing from start to end product might be?
the source country of those ingredients?
the process or processes used to kill the TSE agent from start to finish?
or (without trying to be sarcastic), under the new Bush anti terrorism
plan (re-USA mad cow feed ban warning letters via F.O.I.A. only now),
do i have to go through the F.O.I.A. act to find this out as well???
thank you,
kind regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
8. The Secretary of State has a number of licences. We understand that
the inactivated polio vaccine is no longer being used. There is a stock
of smallpox vaccine. We have not been able to determine the source
material. (Made in sheep very unlikely to contain bovine ingredients).
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14010001.pdf
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume7/chapted2.htm
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14011001.pdf
although 176 products do _not_ conform to the CSM/VPC
guidelines.
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf
5.23 This alerted Sir Donald Acheson to the fact that concerns about the
safety of vaccines had not yet been resolved. He contacted Dr Pickles,
and their conversation led him to ask Dr Harris to look into the matter:
My attention has been drawn to a sentence in Dr Pickles' draft of a
submission to the Secretary of State on this matter. It reads: 'At the
present time we can't give any complete guarantee of safety for human
medicines that use bovine materials in manufacture such as most
vaccines.' Having looked at the report I am not able to find any
statement which supports this statement of concern. I have, however,
therefore spoken to Dr Pickles on the telephone and she reports to me
that for some considerable time she has had serious concern about the
safety of bovine-based vaccines in the light of the fact it has been
discovered that contamination with placental material (which is known to
be heavily infected with the BSE particle) is a distinct possibility in
the preparation of material for human vaccines derived from foetal
serum. This matter as described to me by Dr Pickles gives me sufficient
cause for concern to ask you to look into it urgently together with
Medicines Division. I shall amend the submission to indicate that the
question of the safety of vaccines derived from bovine material is a
matter which has not been dealt with directly by Southwood's group, but
is one in which I am making urgent enquiries. 22
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume7/chapted2.htm
WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/2000.2
3.5 Animal vaccine-related Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy risks:
Scrapie outbreak in Italy
Maurizio Pocchiari:
Historically, Italy has had a low incidence of scrapie; however, in 1997
there was a dramatic increase in the number of reported flocks. This
increase in reports included a relatively high proportion of goat
flocks, generally considered more resistant to natural scrapie than
sheep. Details of the timing of the flock outbreaks, composition of the
flocks and vaccination status were provided. It was noted that
vaccination for Mycoplasma agalactiae was provided to a large proportion
of the flocks developing scrapie, and that this vaccine is made from
sheep brain and mammary gland. Small batches of brain and mammary glands
are mixed, and given subcutaneously to adult and young animals,
providing considerable possible exposure to contaminated material. Some
flocks receiving this vaccine did not develop scrapie, and western blot
and transmission experiments are underway. However, the consultation
agreed that the epidemiologic evidence points toward a vaccine origin
for the scrapie disease seen in some of the flocks.
snip...
7.6 Could vaccines prepared from animal brain tissue pose a risk of
transmission of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies to humans?
François Meslin:
Over 40,000 deaths due to rabies are reported annually worldwide and
each year seven to eight million people receive antirabies vaccine
treatment following dog bites. Dog rabies poses a significant public
health problem in Asia, as 85% of the human deaths due to rabies
reported worldwide and 80% of the vaccine doses applied in
developing countries come from this part of the world.
In many Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan,
sheep-brain based Semple vaccine 15 is the only vaccine available free
of cost. It represents 50 to 95% of all vaccine doses used for rabies
post-exposure treatment, depending upon the country. A complete
treatment consists of 10 subcutaneous daily injections
of 2 to 5 ml (depending mainly on patient size and nature of the
exposure) plus booster doses; that is a total of 25 to 50 ml of the 5 %
sheep brain suspension injected over a 10-day period.
According to the literature, the reported rate of neuroparalytic
complications following the use of this vaccine varies from 1:600 to
1:1575 administrations, and 20-25% of these lead to death. The exact
incidence of neuroparalytic complications throughout India or other
countries in the area is not known. However, in the State of
Karnataka, India, 112 cases of neuroparalytic accidents were admitted in
the past 20 years following Semple vaccine administration. In contrast,
the newly developed cell culture or embryonating egg vaccines are
effective and safe, with lower and less severe complication rates.
In many Asian countries, Semple type vaccine has been used for the past
90 years. In India forty million ml of this vaccine are produced in this
country to treat at least 500 000 persons each year. In Pakistan 450 000
and in Bangladesh 60 000 people receive Semple type vaccine after
possible exposure to rabies. There is a theoretical risk of TSE
transmission to humans through parenteral administration of
these products. Although there is to date no evidence of such
occurrences in human medicine, recent events in the TSE field have
demonstrated that an animal TSE agent could affect human beings.
The situation is very similar regarding rabies vaccines for animal use.
For example various Indian veterinary vaccine institutes prepare 100
million ml of Semple vaccine for use in both rabies pre-and
post-exposure prophylaxis in dogs and food production animals each year.
Scrapie could be theoretically transmitted to animal vaccine recipients,
especially ruminants, through sheep-brain based vaccines such as
Semple type vaccine. This could happen because scrapie infectivity, if
present, would not be inactivated by the manufacturing process. In this
connection, a recent 15 Ãx-propiolactone inactivated or phenolized
antirabies vaccine containing 5% suspension of sheep brain infected with
a fixed strain of rabies virus.
WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/2000.2
34 WHO Consultation on Public Health and Animal TSEs
Epidemiology, Risk and Research Requirements
publication strongly suggests that scrapie was transmitted to sheep and
goats through the administration of a veterinary vaccine whose method of
preparation is similar to the Semple type vaccine. In addition, various
Asian countries have begun to use animal tissues as feed supplement for
intensive sheep and dairy cattle production. This introduces an
additional, though still theoretical, possibility that scrapie, or even
BSE, could spread among the sheep population and enter the sheep flocks
that are used as a source of rabies vaccine production for human or
animal use. In areas where the status of animal TSE is not well
documented, this risk cannot be totally ruled out, though it may be
remote, as there is no test available at present to detect
pre-clinical cases of prion disease in sheep.
snip...
Recommendation 25
Human vaccines prepared from whole ruminant brains may carry the risk of
transmission of animal TSE agents, because the inactivation processes
usually applied to these products do not inactivate TSE agents. In
particular, considering the recent emergence of vCJD in humans related
to BSE in cattle, the consultation recommends that the use of these
vaccines should be avoided if suitable alternatives can be made
available. The Consultation strongly supported the recommendation made
by WHO Expert Committee on Rabies, which states:
"The (Expert) Committee reiterated, as stated in its 1983 report, its
support for the trend to limit or abandon completely - where
economically and technically possible - the production of
encephalitogenic brain-tissue vaccines, and strongly advocated the
production and use of inactivated cell-culture rabies vaccines in both
developed and developing countries."
Recommendation 26
The use of veterinary vaccines prepared from whole ruminant brains, for
use in ruminants, should be avoided unless the process ensures TSE
inactivation and/or removal, or the source animals have been
demonstrated to be free of any TSE.
snip...
http://www.who.int/emc-documents/tse/docs/whocdscsraph20002.pdf
http://216.239.37.100/search?q=cache:ha1lZiMaWG4C:www.who.int/emc-documents/tse/docs/whocdscsraph20002.pdf+Acquisition+of+spongiform+encephalopathies+in+India+through+sheep-brain+rabies+vaccination.&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
55
III.3. IATROGENIC TRANSMISSION
Iatrogenic transmission of BSE has not been reported, or even suspected,
in cattle but there are some definite occurrences of scrapie in sheep
that have been reliably attributed to the use of non-commercial vaccines
containing ovine starting materials. For this reason, the issue is
discussed below. Other forms of iatrogenic transmission of TSE have been
restricted to humans and human tissues. For the sake of completeness and
convenience, these subjects are briefly discussed below.
III.3.1 VACCINES
Reference has already been made to the occurrence of at least several
hundred cases of scrapie in British sheep as a direct result of the use
of a vaccine against the tick transmitted, viral disease, louping-ill
(Gordon, Brownlee and Wilson, 1939, Gordon, 1946 and Greig, 1950). This
occurrence resulted from the accidental use of scrapie-infected source
material and processing methods that did not inactivate the scrapie
agent that was unknowingly present. A more recent possible occurrence of
possible iatrogenic scrapie has recently been reported in Etna Silver
crossbred goats in Italy by Cappucchio et al., (1998). The goats were
kept at grass and concentrate rations were not fed, thus eliminating a
source of infection from feed via mammalian proteins. Animals over two
months old were annually vaccinated against contagious agalactia caused
by Mycoplasma agalactiae. The vaccine included central nervous system
from pathogen-free sheep. The mortality rate in the goats reached
28% in 1 herd, 60% in the second and 5.5% in a third herd. About half
the 56 goats were between 2.5 - 3 years old. Only 1.15% of sheep that
were kept with the goats developed scrapie. Scrapie was confirmed by
microscopic examination of the brain and by detection of PrPSc including
by immunocytochemistry. PrPSc was widespread in the brain and beyond
sites of vacuolar change. The high mortality, severe loss of weight and
simultaneous appearance in the three herds were distinctly unusual
features in this outbreak. The source of infection remains uncertain and
unproven but iatrogenic transmission must be considered.
A larger epidemic involving 20 outbreaks of scrapie in sheep and goats,
also in Italy, has been even more recently reported by Agrimi et al.,
(1999). The annual incidence ranged from 1% to 90% with a mean incidence
for goats of 26% and for sheep of 10%. The total number of cases in
sheep and goats together was 1040. The clinical disease was confirmed by
microscopic examination of the brain and PrP immunocytochemistry or
Western blotting. The high incidence in goats, the high
within-flock/herd incidence, the temporal clustering, absence of
commercial concentrate feeding in eight flocks and association with the
use of a sub-cutaneously administered M. agalactiae vaccine, prepared
locally using brain and mammary tissue from clinically healthy sheep,
strongly suggests an iatrogenic origin. Scrapie appeared between 23 and
35 months after the vaccine was administered. A third outbreak in
southern Italy attributed also to the same vaccine has been described by
Caramelli et al, (2001) in a mixed flock of Comisana sheep and half-bred
goats in an upland area of southern Italy. High crude mortality and
scrapie incidence occurred in both species and a large proportion of
aged animals were affected. The neuropathology was similar to that in
other sheep in Italy with iatrogenic disease but different from
conventional natural scrapie. Affected sheep were all of the most
susceptible genotype (Codon 171 QQ). It is stressed that the vaccines
incriminated in the transmission of scrapie in all these incidents are
not commercially produced. They have been prepared and distributed
locally within the country. Dr Subash Arya has repeatedly drawn
attention to the possible risk of transmitting CJD to humans vaccinated
with sheep-brain derived vaccines in India, e.g. Arya, (1994). However,
neither Dr Arya nor any of his colleagues has yet found any such case.
The episodes of scrapie resulting from the use of vaccines prepared from
infected sheep tissues emphasises the need for caution and mandatory
selection of safe sources for starting materials used in the manufacture
of vaccines. Such vaccines could theoretically at least, be used in
cattle thus creating a potential risk, though it is most unlikely that
they would be licensed for this purpose in Europe. Vaccines have not
been incriminated in the transmission of BSE (Wilesmith et al., 1988,
J.W.Wilesmith, personal communication). Furthermore, large numbers of
doses of commercially produced vaccines that have used bovine starting
materials, have been inoculated by parenteral and oral routes into
cattle throughout the world and a substantial proportion have been
produced in Europe, but no incident of BSE has been attributed to their
use. This is important because, since there is no species barrier, any
chink in the armour protecting vaccines from contamination would have
been revealed, but none has.
III.3.2.OTHER MEDICINAL PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM TSE-SUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES
Animal sources of material used in medicinal products vary, but mostly
are derived from cattle. There is thus at least a possibility that
unless strict precautions are taken, disease could be transmitted in
this way. It cannot be ruled out that no case ever arose by this means,
but it is clear that the majority did not, even at the very beginning of
the BSE epidemic before publication of information on BSE, and before
any legislation was in place (Wilesmith et al., 1988). The highest risk
tissue is bovine brain from a clinically affected animal or one in the
immediate pre-clinical phase. Posterior pituitary extract (now prepared
biosynthetically), was available and used in veterinary practice mainly
in adult female cattle at the time of parturition, to assist treatment
of retained placenta or to assist in milk let down. However, no
association was found between its use and the occurrence of BSE
(Wilesmith et al., 1988).
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out236_en.pdf
Indian J Pediatr 1991 Sep-Oct;58(5):563-5
Arya SC.
Centre for Logistical Research and Innovation, Greater Kailash, New Delhi.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1813404&dopt=Abstract
BMJ 1996 Nov 30;313(7069):1405
Comment on:
* BMJ. 1996 Aug 24;313(7055):441.
Blood donated after vaccination with rabies vaccine derived from
sheep brain cells might transmit CJD.
Arya SC.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8956737&dopt=Abstract
BMJ 1996;313:1405 (30 November)
Letters
Blood donated after vaccination with rabies vaccine derived from sheep
brain cells might transmit CJD
EDITOR,--Janet Morgan reports that the National Blood Authority in
Britain has decided to tighten the donor screening programme to exclude
transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or its variant through blood
donations.1 Prospective donors will be prevented from donating blood if
they have a history of treatment with human growth hormone or if one of
their siblings, parents, or grandparents developed the disease. I would
point out that similar care should also be taken when immigrants from
Asia and Africa offer to donate blood, in case they received rabies
vaccine derived from culture of sheep brain cells when they were living
in their country of origin.
In many countries in Asia and Africa limited supplies of imported rabies
vaccines derived from culture of human cells have been available. Many
people continue to be offered indigenously produced sheep brain vaccine
after exposure to a rabid animal. Scrapie is known to exist in sheep
around many centres where the vaccine is produced. In the mountain sheep
of the Kumaon foothills in the Himalayas, for example, scrapie was
established more than four decades ago and 1-10% of the flock was
reported to have the disease in 1961.2 In the Himalayan foothills the
Central Research Institute continues to produce four to five million
doses of sheep brain vaccine annually. Transmission of abnormal prion
protein, PrPsc, in sheep brain vaccine might have occurred in some of
the 30 documented cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in different
regions in India.3 Because Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has a latency of
about 20 years, many recipients of sheep brain rabies vaccine could
emigrate to Britain before becoming ill.
Before accepting blood donations from immigrants it would be desirable
to ask the potential donors whether they were exposed to a rabid animal
and immunised with sheep brain rabies vaccine in their country of
origin. Furthermore, indirect assessment should be possible through, for
example, assay looking for antibodies specific to rabies.
Clinical microbiologist Centre for Logistical Research and Innovation,
M-122 (of part 2), Greater Kailash-II, New Delhi-110048, India
Subhash C Arya
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/313/7069/1405/a
: Neuroepidemiology 1991;10(1):27-32
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in India (1971-1990).
Satishchandra P, Shankar SK.
Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and
Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Thirty cases including 20 definite and 10 probable cases of
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) seen in India between 1971 and 1990 are
reported. Demographic analysis has shown similarities to the previously
published reports from other parts of the world. Though 21 (70%) of
cases were from two centers--Bombay and Bangalore-, suggesting
clustering, this seems to be more apparent than real. One subject worked
in the medical field, where possibility of iatrogenic transmission could
not be ruled out. None of the cases had positive family history of CJD.
There is no epidemiological data of CJD from India so far and hence this
report is one such pilot study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2062414&dopt=Abstract
i recieved the 1947 report of the Louping-ill vaccine
incident and posted on www here;
Louping-ill vaccine (scrapie transmission by vaccine)
THE VETERINARY RECORD
516 No 47. Vol. 58
November 23rd, 1946
NATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1946
snip...
The enquiry made the position clear. Scrapie was developing in
the sheep vaccinated in 1935 and it was only in a few instances
that the owner was associating the occurrence with louping-ill
vaccination. The disease was affecting all breeds and it was
confined to the animals vaccinated with batch 2. This was clearly
demonstrated on a number of farms on which batch 1 had been
used to inoculate the hoggs in 1935 and batch 2 to inoculate
the ewes. None of the hoggs, which at this time were three-
year-old ewes. At this time it was difficult to forecast whether all
of the 18,000 sheep which had received batch 2 vaccine would
develop scrapie. It was fortunate, however, that the majority of
the sheep vaccinated with batch 2 were ewes and therfore all
that were four years old and upwards at the time of vaccination
had already been disposed of and there only remained the ewes
which had been two to three years old at the time of vaccination,
consequently no accurate assessment of the incidence of scrapie
could be made. On a few farms, however, where vaccination was
confined to hoggs, the incidence ranged from 1 percent, to 35 percent,
with an average of about 5 percent. Since batch 2 vaccine
had been incriminated as a probable source of scrapie infection,
an attempt was made to trace the origin of the 112 sheep whose
tissues had been included in the vaccine. It was found that they
had been supplied by three owners and that all were of the
Blackface or Greyface breed with the exception of eight which
were Cheviot lambs born in 1935 from ewes which had been in
contact with scrapie infection. Some of these contact ewes
developed scrapie in 1936-37 and three surviving fellow lambs to
the eight included in the batch 2 vaccine of 1935 developed
scrapie, one in September, 1936, one in February, 1937, and one
in November, 1937. There was, therefore, strong presumptive
evidence that the eight Cheviot lambs included in the vaccine
althought apparently healthy were, in fact, in the incubative stage
of a scrapie infection and that in their tissues there was an
infective agent which had contaminated the batch 2 vaccine,
rendering it liable to set up scrapie. If that assumption was
correct then the evidence indicated that:-
(1) the infective agent of scrapie was present in the brain, spinal
cord and or spleen of infected sheep:
(2) it could withstand a concentration of formalin of 0-35 percent,
which inactivated the virus of louping-ill:
(3) it could be transmitted by subcutaneous inoculation;
(4) it had an incubative period of two years and longer.
Two Frenchmen, Cuille & Chelle (1939) as the result of experiments
commenced in 1932, reported the successful infection of
sheep by inoculation of emulsions of spinal cord or brain material
by the intracerebral, epidural, intraocular and subcutaneous routes
The incubation period varied according to the route employed,
being one year intracerebrally, 15 months intraocularly and 20
months subcutaneously. They failed to infect rabbits but succeeded
in infecting goats. Another important part of their work
showed that the infective agent could pass throught a chamberland
1.3 filter, thus demonstrating that the infective agent was a
filtrable virus. It was a curious coincidence that while they
were doing their transmission experiments their work was being
confirmed by the unforeseeable infectivity of a formalinized tissue
vaccine.
As a result of this experience a large-scale transmision experiment
involving the ue of 788 sheep was commenced in 1938 on a
farm specially taken for the purpose by the Animal Diseases
Research Association with funds provided by the Agricultural
Research Council. The experiment was designed to determine the
nature of the infective agent and the pathogenesis of the disease.
It is only possible here to give a summary of the result which
showed that (1) saline suspensions of brain and spinal cord tissue
of sheep affected with scrapie were infective to normal sheep
when inoculatted intracerebrally or subcutaneously; (2) the incubation
period after intracerebral inoculation was seven months and
upwards and only 60 percent of the inoculated sheep developed
scrapie during a period of four and a half years; (3) the incubation
period after subcutaneous inoculation was 15 months and upwards
and only about 30 percent of the inoculated sheep developed
the disease during the four and a half years: (4) the infective
agent was of small size and probably a filtrable virus.
The prolonged incubative period of the disease and the remarkable
resistance of the causal agent to formalin are features of
distinct interest. It still remains to determine if a biological test
can be devised to detect infected animals so that they can be
killed for food before they develop clinical symptoms and to
explore the possibilities of producing an immunity to the disease...
http://www.vegsource.com/talk/madcow/messages/7634.html
USA IMPORTS VACCINE PRODUCTS FROM BSE COUNTRIES
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html
Furthermore, we showed that
the strain responsible for iCJD is closely related to that of one
patient with sCJD, and, more unexpectedly, that these agents were
similar to the French scrapie strain studied (but different from the
U.S. scrapie strain).
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/041490898v1
Human vaccine prepared in animal brains
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/nov00_late_news.html#fff
http://www.whale.to/v/singeltary7.html
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/jul00_dont_eat_sheep.html#hhh
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: BSE was passaged through macaque monkeys and
then adapted to the prosimian microcebe (Microcebus murinus ). Brain
homogenate and buffy coat from an affected microcebe were separately
inoculated intracerebrally into three healthy microcebes (two animals
received brain and one received buffy coat).
RESULTS: All three inoculated microcebes became ill after incubation
periods of 16 to 18 months. Clinical, histopathologic, and
immunocytologic features were similar in each of the recipients.
CONCLUSION: Buffy coat from a symptomatic microcebe infected 17 months
earlier with BSE contained the infectious agent. This observation
represents the first documented transmission of BSE from the blood of an
experimentally infected primate, which in view of rodent buffy coat
infectivity precedents and the known host range of BSE is neither
unexpected nor cause for alarm.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=synergy&synergyAction=showAbstract&doi=10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00098.x
Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001
Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE-L
To: BSE-L
snip...
[host Richard Barns]
and now a question from Terry S. Singeltary of
CJD Watch.
[TSS]
yes, thank you,
U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you
give for serum or tissue donor herds?
[no answer, you could hear in the back ground,
mumbling and 'we can't. have him ask the question
again.]
[host Richard]
could you repeat the question?
[TSS]
U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you
give for serum or tissue donor herds?
[not sure whom ask this]
what group are you with?
[TSS]
CJD Watch, my Mom died from hvCJD and we are
tracking CJD world-wide.
[not sure who is speaking]
could you please disconnect Mr. Singeltary
[TSS]
you are not going to answer my question?
[not sure whom speaking]
NO
snip...
http://vegancowboy.org/TSS-part1of8.htm
Meanwhile, health officials with the Food and Drug Administration say
the method of manufacturing the old vaccine, called Dryvax, which was
made by Wyeth using calf skin, is "no longer considered optimal."
Instead, the agency says the new smallpox vaccine "will be prepared in
MRC-5 cells" a line of aborted fetal cells dating back to 1966
because that method is more efficient.
"The MRC-5 line was developed & from lung tissue taken from a 14-week
fetus aborted for psychiatric reasons from a 27-year-old physically
healthy woman," said a description of the cell tissue by the Coriell
Institute for Medical Research at the University of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, where the line is maintained. The institute
further describes it as "normal human fetal lung fibroblast."
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=25362
SMALLPOX VACCINE, Dried, Calf Lymph Type
Summary of Package Insert
Dryvax, Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, PA (1960)
Ingredients
brilliant green:
calf lymph
chloriatracycline hydrochloride;
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate;
glycerin;
neomycin sulfate;
phenol;
polymixin B sulfate.
http://www.vaccineawareness.org/IllinoisIssues/SmallpoxInsert.htm
TSS
########### http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############
http://www.vegsource.com/talk/madcow/messages/9912194.html
From: TSS <mailto:
[email protected]> (216-119-163-199.ipset45.wt.net)
Subject: HUMANS MAY CATCH MAD COW FROM SHEEP !!!
Date: December 16, 2002 at 6:37 am PST
In Reply to: MAD COW DISEASE, SMALLPOX VACCINE (Dried Calf Lymph Type) and TSEs <http://www.vegsource.com/talk/madcow/messages/9912194.html> posted by TSS on December 15, 2002 at 9:52 am:
Humans may catch mad cow from sheep
December 13 2002 at 07:41PM
Quickwire
London - The number of people with a human form of mad-cow disease could be much higher than originally thought, according to a new study.
Since 1990, there have been 117 confirmed deaths in Britain from the variant CJD, which until now was assumed to be the only disease linked to eating BSE-infected beef.
But scientists at the Medical Research Council's Prion Unit in London believe they have identified links between BSE and a second type of the human brain disease - sporadic CJD.
The government's latest figures show that from 1990 to November this year, 588 people died from sporadic CJD, including 28 in 1990, 63 in 1998, and 53 last year.
'Some patients with sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure'
The scientists, led by Professor John Collinge, cast further doubt on the safety of sheep meat by suggesting that more animals - including humans -could carry and transmit the diseases than previously thought.
The researchers wrote: "It remains of considerable concern whether BSE has transmitted to, and is being maintained in, European sheep flocks".
They said that given the widespread infection of sheep breeds with scrapie, it was possible some had contracted BSE but that this infection had been hidden by the other disease.
A full study is needed of all the tonsils surgically removed over a 12-month period - around 80 000 - to map the extent of CJD infection in the population, the Medical Research Council argued.
The British Department of Health is thought to be considering such a plan. The research team used a series of experiments on mice that had been genetically altered so they would display the human effects of a prion - an infectious protein. The "transgenic" mice were then exposed to BSE-infected material and the changes in the prion protein were monitored.
As expected, some developed vCJD, but the researchers wrote that, surprisingly, other mice showed effects of sporadic CJD. "These data suggest that more than one BSE-derived prion strain might infect humans; it is therefore possible that some patients with sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure," they wrote.
The researchers said their findings were important when considering the present sporadic CJD outbreak in Switzerland, which had the highest incidence of cattle BSE in Europe over the past 12 years.
There was a two-fold increase in sporadic CJD in the last 18 months in Switzerland, while cases of vCJD remain low, a spokesman for the MRC said. - Sapa-DPA
http://iol.co.za/index.php?click_id=143&art_id=iol103980126094S532&set_id=1
Docket Management Docket: 96N-0417 - Current Good Manufacturing Practice
in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Dietary Ingredients a
Comment Number: EC -2
Accepted - Volume 7
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Mar03/031403/96N-0417-EC-2.htm
[PDF] Appendices to PL107-9 Inter-agency Working Group Final Report 1-1
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Agent, Weapons of Mass Destruction Operations Unit Federal Bureau of
those who provided comments in response to Docket No. ...
Meager 8/18/01 Terry S. Singeltary Sr ...
# Docket No: 02-088-1 RE-Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of
2002; [TSS SUBMISSION ON POTENTIAL FOR BSE/TSE & FMD 'SUITCASE BOMBS'] -
TSS 1/27/03 (0)
Docket Management
Docket: 02N-0276 - Bioterrorism Preparedness; Registration of Food Facilities, Section 305
Comment Number: EC-254 [TSS SUBMISSION]
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0276/02N-0276-EC-254.htm
TSS
