>>>Floundering flatulence, flounder, you got anything to say or do you expect these copied articles to teach everyone something. <<<
yes indeed there rkaiser, this is indeed what i am hoping. hell, i have wasted almost 8 years of my life daily on this. i am hoping to educate a few, simply with the rest of the story. i tried to do this on several of the CWD boards for hunters. i think more appreciate it, than don't. but you will always have the ones that just dont want to believe in sound science, and others that never will. you only have to see it once for it to profoundly change your life, then to have them tell you it's not here. it's a spontaneous mutation of a chance happening of bad luck in 85%+ of all cases and only in one part of the globe there is the UKBSE=nvCJD only theory, when ..............
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
Veterinary Services
Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health March 2004
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Highlights of Phase II: Scrapie:
Ovine Slaughter Surveillance
Study 2002-2003
The purpose of the SOSS study was to estimate
the regional and national prevalence of scrapie in
mature cull sheep in the United States.
Phase I of SOSS was conducted from February
2001 through March 2002 and included refinement
of the study design and sample collection training.
The purpose of Phase I was to develop and modify
the sample collection and testing processes,
without emphasizing statistical results.
SOSS Phase II is similar to Phase I in that
sample collection procedures and testing were
used, along with a representative sample
allocation. Beginning April 1, 2002, and continuing
through March 31, 2003, Phase II included the
collection of tissue samples from 12,508 sheep
from 22 slaughter plants throughout the United
States (21 FSIS inspected, 1 State plant) and 1
large livestock market in Texas. The 21 FSIS plants
represented approximately two-thirds of the total
FSIS mature sheep slaughtered during the study
period. The livestock market represented
approximately one-half of the live sheep exported
to Mexico. All sample data were statistically
weighted to reflect the population from which the
sample was selected. The number of samples
collected from each plant on a specific day was
statistically weighted to represent the volume of
mature sheep slaughtered (sold) through each
plant (market) that specific day. This weight was
adjusted for the total volume of mature sheep
through the plant (market) from April 2002 through
March 2003. Within each facility sample collectors
were instructed to collect samples using systematic
sampling. Overall, the samples collected from the
22 plants and the livestock market represented
299,000 sheep (54 percent of the cull sheep
population, estimated at 550,000 head).
Sheep were traced to State of origin based on
ear tags and/or other information obtained by the
collector at the plant or market. For analysis
purposes, samples identified to individual States
were assigned to one of four defined regions.
Sometimes only a listing of multiple States could be
obtained for a group of sheep (e.g., market animals
accumulated across numerous States). These
samples were assigned to the Multiregion category
if the States they came from were not all in the
same region. In cases where a trace State was not
identified by the collector (n = 2,020), a region was
assigned based on their official identification
information. The 2001 NAHMS Sheep study
showed that at least 95 percent of cull sheep
movement was within the region of origin. Out of
the 12,508 samples submitted, all but 2,127 were
identified to a unique region (Table 1).
Table 1. Number of Samples Submitted, by Face Color
and By Region.
Samples Submitted
Region
Face
Color West Mountain Central East
Multiregion
Total
Black 100 535 680 1,023 453 2,791
White 493 2,997 1,993 1,283 1,472 8,238
Mottled 71 305 413 404 194 1,387
Unknown 6 32 4 42 8 92
Total 670 3,869 3,090 2,752 2,127 12,508
Obex, tonsil, and lymph-node tissues from each
sheep were tested using the immunohistochemistry
(IHC) technique at the National Veterinary Services
Laboratory. A positive case was defined as having
a positive test result on any tissue.
United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service • Safeguarding American Agriculture
Prior to the SOSS study, the estimated
pre as 0.07
p '96
spected
'96
hlights were excerpted from
Pha
revalence estimates
Of the 12,508 mature sheep sampled, valid (at
itive
0.20
s
.
Three tissue types (obex, tonsil, and
llected
in
s
valence of scrapie in the United States w
percent (based on unpublished data from the
NAHMS Sheep '96 study). However, the Shee
estimate was based on a mail-in survey of
producers who reported the presence of su
or confirmed cases of scrapie in their flock over a
period of 5 years, including lambs and mature
sheep. The flock estimate was then expanded
based on flock size to generate the animal-leve
prevalence estimate. The results of the SOSS
study cannot be directly compared to the Sheep
prevalence estimate because of differences in
study design, reference population, and data
collection methods.
The following hig
l
se II: Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance
Study 2002-2003.
P
•
least one testable tissue) test results were
obtained from 12,491 (99.9 percent). A pos
result was recorded for any animal that tested
positive by IHC on one or more of the tissues
sampled. The overall weighted national
prevalence of scrapie in mature sheep is
percent. Estimates could not be made in the
West region due to the low number of sample
obtained. However, national estimates include
samples collected in the West region (Figure 1)
•
retropharyngeal lymph node) were co
from each sheep head for IHC testing. As
expected, each tissue type differed slightly
the number tested as well as the number of
positive results; however, the prevalence wa
similar for the three tissue types (Figure 2).
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Figure 2. Percent of Sheep That Tested Positive for Scrapie,
by Tissue Type
Percent
Tissue Type
Obex Tonsil Retropharyngeal
lymph node
0.18 0.19 0.20
Scrapie prevalence (one or more tissue
lack-
ot
•
samples tested positive) was highest in b
faced sheep (0.84 percent). White-faced sheep
were far less likely to test positive for scrapie
(less than 0.01 percent). Some animals were
presented for sample collection with the skin
removed. Therefore, face color could not be
determined on these animals and they were n
included in these estimates (Figure 3).
West Mountain Central East
United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service • Safeguarding American Agriculture
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Percent
Face Color
Figure 3. Percent of Sheep That Tested Positive for Scrapie,
by Face Color
0.00
0.84
0.12
White Black Mottled
p
t of
,
Age was determined based on the number of
•• visible permanent incisors. Four-year-old shee
tested positive (one or more tissue samples
tested positive) most frequently (0.49 percen
sheep tested). Scrapie prevalence increased
with age until the animals reached 4 years old
then decreased (Figure 4).
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Black-faced sheep
National
Figure 4. Percent of Sheep That Tested Positive for Scrapie
(National and Black-faced Sheep), by Age
Percent
Age
0.11
0.00
0.21
0.54 0.49
1.77
0.13
0.69
1 and 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years or more
enetics
ue samples from the 33 sheep that tested
pos
e at
______________________________
or more information, contact:
E7
G
Tiss
itive for scrapie were submitted for genetic
testing. All 33 samples were of the QQ genotyp
codon 171. This genotype has been characterized
as the least resistant to scrapie.
__
F
SDA:APHIS:VS:CEAH U
NRRC Building B, M.S. 2
2150 Centre Avenue
-8117 Fort Collins, CO 80526
970.494.7000
web@aphis.usda.gov E-mail: NAHMS
www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cahm
N421.0304 #
____________________________________
) prohibits discrimination in
plaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of
yer.
ention of companies or commercial products does not imply
s nor
he U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA T
all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual
orientation,
or marital status or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for
communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape,
etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD).
o file a com T
Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence
Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964
(voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and emplo
M
recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantee
warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are
mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide
specific information.
United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service • Safeguarding American Agriculture
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/ncahs/nahms/sheep/SOSS_highlights.pdf
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
SOSS
Phase II: Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance
Study 2002-2003
snip...
Section I: Prevalence Estimates
A. Weighted Test
Results
1. Overall prevalence
Of the 12,508 mature sheep sampled, valid (at least one testable tissue)
test
results were obtained from 12,491 (99.9 percent). A positive result was
recorded for any animal that tested positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC)
on
one or more of the tissues sampled. The overall weighted national
prevalence of scrapie in mature sheep is 0.20 percent. Estimates could not
be
made in the West region due to the low number of samples obtained. However,
national estimates include samples collected in the West region.
a. Percentage of sheep that tested positive for scrapie, by region*:
Percent Sheep
Region
Mountain Central East Multiregion National
Pct.
Std.
Error Pct.
Std.
Error Pct.
Std.
Error Pct.
Std.
Error Pct.
Std.
Error
0.14 (0.06) 0.21 (0.10) 0.52 (0.15) 0.13 (0.07) 0.20 (0.04)
*Because of the low number of samples obtained in the West region, results
for the
West region are included in the National estimates but are not listed
individually.
snip...
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/ncahs/nahms/sheep/SOSSphase2.pdf
TSS
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <flounder9@VERIZON.NET>
To: <BSE-L@aegee.org>
Sent: Wednesday, August 24, 2005 9:11 PM
Subject: SCRAPIE USA UPDATE MARCH - JUNE 2005
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
#####################
From: TSS ()
Subject: SCRAPIE USA UPDATE MARCH - JUNE 2005
Date: August 24, 2005 at 7:03 pm PST
SCRAPIE USA MONTHLY REPORT 2005
AS of March 31, 2005, there were 70 scrapie infected source flocks (Figure
3). There were 11 new infected and source flocks reported in March (Figure
4) with a total of 51 flocks reported for FY 2005 (Figure 5). The total
infected and source flocks that have been released in FY 2005 are 39 (Figure
6), with 1 flock released in March. The ratio of infected and source flocks
released to newly infected and source flocks for FY 2005 = 0.76 : 1. IN
addition, as of March 31, 2005, 225 scrapie cases have been confirmed and
reported by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), of which
53 were RSSS cases (Figure 7). This includes 57 newly confirmed cases in
March 2005 (Figure 8). Fourteen cases of scrapie in goats have been reported
since 1990 (Figure 9). The last goat cases was reported in January 2005. New
infected flocks, source flocks, and flocks released or put on clean-up plans
for FY 2005 are depicted in Figure 10. ...
FULL TEXT ;
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/monthly_report/monthly-report.htm
l
SCRAPIE USA JUNE 2005 UPDATE
AS of June 30, 2005, there were 114 scrapie infected and source flocks
(Figure 3). There were 14 new infected and source flocks reported in June
(Figure 4) with a total of 123 flocks reported for FY 2005 (Figure 5).
snip...
In addition, as of June 30, 2005, 448 scrapie cases have been confirmed and
reported by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), of which
106 were RSSS cases (Figure 7). This includes 81 newly confirmed cases in
June 2005 (Figure 8). Fifteen cases of scrapie in goats have been reported
since 1990 (Figure 9). The last goat case was reported in May 2005.
snip...end
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/scrapie/monthly_report/monthly-report.htm
l
USDA/APHIS
SOSS
Phase II: Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance
Study 2002-2003
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/ncahs/nahms/sheep/SOSSphase2.pdf
12/10/76
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTE ON SCRAPIE
Office Note
CHAIRMAN: PROFESSOR PETER WILDY
snip...
A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie
A] The Problem
Scrapie is a natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow
and inexorably progressive degenerative disorder of the nervous system
and it ia fatal. It is enzootic in the United Kingdom but not in all
countries.
The field problem has been reviewed by a MAFF working group
(ARC 35/77). It is difficult to assess the incidence in Britain for
a variety of reasons but the disease causes serious financial loss;
it is estimated that it cost Swaledale breeders alone $l.7 M during
the five years 1971-1975. A further inestimable loss arises from the
closure of certain export markets, in particular those of the United
States, to British sheep.
It is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and
for that reason alone effective measures to control it should be
devised as quickly as possible.
Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether
scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the
disease has been transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid
speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie,
kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of
mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of
Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit
scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed
for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)"
The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie
produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human
dementias"
Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be
transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety
of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action
such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the
acrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer
grievously.
snip...
76/10.12/4.6
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf
Like lambs to the slaughter
31 March 2001
Debora MacKenzie
Magazine issue 2284
What if you can catch old-fashioned CJD by eating meat from a sheep infected
with scrapie?
FOUR years ago, Terry Singeltary watched his mother die horribly from a
degenerative brain disease. Doctors told him it was Alzheimer's, but
Singeltary was suspicious. The diagnosis didn't fit her violent symptoms,
and he demanded an autopsy. It showed she had died of sporadic
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Most doctors believe that sCJD is caused by a prion protein deforming by
chance into a killer. But Singeltary thinks otherwise. He is one of a number
of campaigners who say that some sCJD, like the variant CJD related to BSE,
is caused by eating meat from infected animals. Their suspicions have
focused on sheep carrying scrapie, a BSE-like disease that is widespread in
flocks across Europe and North America.
Now scientists in France have stumbled across new evidence that adds weight
to the campaigners' fears. To their complete surprise, the researchers found
that one strain of scrapie causes the same brain damage in ...
The complete article is 889 words long.
full text;
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg16922840.300
Neurobiology
Adaptation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent to primates and
comparison with Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease: Implications for human health
Corinne Ida Lasmézas*,, Jean-Guy Fournier*, Virginie Nouvel*, Hermann Boe*,
Domíníque Marcé*, François Lamoury*, Nicolas Kopp, Jean-Jacques Hauw§, James
Ironside¶, Moira Bruce, Dominique Dormont*, and Jean-Philippe Deslys*
* Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service de Neurovirologie, Direction
des Sciences du Vivant/Département de Recherche Medicale, Centre de
Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées 60-68, Avenue du Général Leclerc,
BP 6, 92 265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital Neurologique Pierre
Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France; § Laboratoire de
Neuropathologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital,
75013 Paris, France; ¶ Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Western
General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; and
Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road,
Edinburgh EH9 3JF, United Kingdom
Edited by D. Carleton Gajdusek, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and approved December 7, 2000
(received for review October 16, 2000)
Abstract
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
There is substantial scientific evidence to support the notion that bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has contaminated human beings, causing
variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This disease has raised concerns
about the possibility of an iatrogenic secondary transmission to humans,
because the biological properties of the primate-adapted BSE agent are
unknown. We show that (i) BSE can be transmitted from primate to primate by
intravenous route in 25 months, and (ii) an iatrogenic transmission of vCJD
to humans could be readily recognized pathologically, whether it occurs by
the central or peripheral route. Strain typing in mice demonstrates that the
BSE agent adapts to macaques in the same way as it does to humans and
confirms that the BSE agent is responsible for vCJD not only in the United
Kingdom but also in France. The agent responsible for French iatrogenic
growth hormone-linked CJD taken as a control is very different from vCJD but
is similar to that found in one case of sporadic CJD and one sheep scrapie
isolate. These data will be key in identifying the origin of human cases of
prion disease, including accidental vCJD transmission, and could provide
bases for vCJD risk assessment.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/041490898v1
TSS
#################### https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html
####################
#################### https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html ####################
THEN you have 4.5 million demented and dying from alzheimer's with a guesstimate of 20 million by 2050. NOT to go into the science of TSE and Alzheimer's similarity, and only sticking to the 4 university studies, the Mexican study, the Duke, the Yale, and the PA study, where it is shown that from 3 to 33 % of those elderly diagnosed with Alzheimer's, AFTER autopsy actually had CJD. but i suppose that is for another board. so yes
indeed there rkaiser i am just going to drop a few lines here and mooove on. folks can take the data with how ever many grains of salt they wish.
but it's not going away, and you cannot ignore it. and i think really it's better to have all the data made available to the public. ...
